nginx文件服务器搭建---小白篇
1、安装依赖、关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld1
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
2、创建nginx启动用户
注意：会在/home目录生成对应www的用户目录，root/www才能被访问
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -f www ---建立用户组 www
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www ---添加用户 www
创建文件存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /pages
3、下载nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
4、解压并编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.14.0
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_sub_module
[root@localhost ~]# make
[root@localhost ~]# make install
5、设置nginx软连接
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
6、配置nginx服务并设置开机自启
设置service启动的方式
[root@localhost ~]# wget -P /etc/init.d/ http://down.whsir.com/downloads/nginx
若上方链接不可用，那么我们手动创建并添加下面红色字体
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
点击查看代码
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add nginx'
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
NAME=nginx
NGINX_BIN=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/$NAME.conf
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid
if [ -s /bin/ss ]; then
StatBin=/bin/ss
else
StatBin=/bin/netstat
fi
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx;then
echo "$NAME (pid `pidof $NAME`) already running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -c $CONFIGFILE
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stoping $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is not running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -s stop
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
status)
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
PID=`pidof nginx`
echo "$NAME (pid $PID) is running..."
else
echo "$NAME is stopped."
exit 0
fi
;;
force-quit|kill)
echo -n "Terminating $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is is stopped."
exit 1
fi
kill `pidof $NAME`
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
sleep 1
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
$NGINX_BIN -s reload
echo " done"
else
echo "$NAME is not running, can't reload."
exit 1
fi
;;
configtest)
echo -n "Test $NAME configure files... "
$NGINX_BIN -t
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|configtest|force-quit|kill}"
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
设置开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig nginx on
7、启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx start 启动
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 启动
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx stop 停止
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart 重启
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx status 查看nginx的经常状态
8、添加环境变量 ---------作用-----在任何目录下执行nginx命令都有效果
最后访问http://IP即可看到nginx欢迎页，默认欢迎页面在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下
附：添加环境变量方法
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
保存退出，执行以下命令使其生效
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
9、访问
http://IP/
10、修改nginx.conf配置文件
将下面的全部复制到nginx.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
点击查看代码
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index
charset utf-8;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location /pages {
alias /pages;
autoindex on;
}
}
}
11、访问
http://IP/pages
12、小知识1
将/home/www/pages映射到/root/aaa
[root@localhost ~]# mount --bind /home/www/pages /root/aaa
这将在文件系统级别创建一个映射,是的/home/www/pages你被人在/root/aaa/中也可见。任何对/root/aaa的更改都将反映在/home/www/pages中
要使这个挂载在系统启动时生效，要编辑vim /etc/fstab文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
添加下面这行
/home/www/pages /root/aaa none bind 0 0
然后运行下面命令使更改生效
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
13、小知识2
若想向上面那样，需要修改index.html文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.html
点击查看代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>点击跳转到目录界面</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
text-align: center;
background-image: url('爱情公寓.jpg');
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-position: center;
height: 100vh; /* 设置body占据整个视口高度 */
margin: 0; /* 去除默认的body外边距 */
}
h1 {
color: red;
font-size: 36px;
}
a {
color: green;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1><a href="http://192.168.8.187/pages/" target="_blank">点击跳转到目录界面</a></h1>
</body>
</html>
若想更换背景图只需修改 background-image: url('爱情公寓.jpg');中的"爱情公寓.jpg"
示例:
我想将背景更换为蜘蛛侠，找到下面这行，修改图片名称即可，其他代码不用动
background-image: url('蜘蛛侠.jpg');
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