MySQL-自启-Percona MySQL 5.7.22 基于官方 init.d 脚本配置开机自启 + 异常自启

1. 背景说明

在配置 Percona MySQL 5.7.22 自启时，直接通过 systemd 调用mysqld_safe容易出现进程误判、无限重启、进程堆积等问题。而 Percona 官方提供的/etc/init.d/mysql.server脚本已内置对 mysqld_safe 启动逻辑、PID 文件管理、进程状态校验的完整适配，基于该脚本配置 systemd 服务更稳定、更贴合 MySQL 原生启动逻辑，也是最终验证可行的方案。

2. 环境信息确认

/etc/init.d/mysql.server 内容

[root@wx-bigdata-ceshi-jili-178-235 mysql3306]# cat /etc/init.d/mysql.server 
#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind

# MySQL (Percona Server) daemon start/stop script.

# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL (Percona Server)
# Description: Percona-Server is a SQL database engine with focus on high performance.
### END INIT INFO
 
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
mycnf=/etc/my.cnf

# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start. 
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.

# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101
  bindir=/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101/data
  fi
  sbindir=/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101/bin
  libexecdir=/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.7.22-22-Linux.x86_64.ssl101/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=

#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
  . $lsb_functions
else
  log_success_msg()
  {
    echo " SUCCESS! $@"
  }
  log_failure_msg()
  {
    echo " ERROR! $@"
  }
fi

PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH

mode=$1    # start or stop

[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift


other_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
           # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
           # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
           # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.

case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
esac

parse_server_arguments() {
  for arg do
    case "$arg" in
      --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                    bindir="$basedir/bin"
                    if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
                      datadir="$basedir/data"
                    fi
                    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
                    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
        ;;
      --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                    datadir_set=1
        ;;
      --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
    esac
  done
}

wait_for_pid () {
  verb="$1"           # created | removed
  pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
  pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.

  i=0
  avoid_race_condition="by checking again"

  while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do

    case "$verb" in
      'created')
        # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
        test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      'removed')
        # wait for this PID-file to disappear
        test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      *)
        echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
    if test -n "$pid"; then
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        :  # the server still runs
      else
        # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  
        if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
          avoid_race_condition=""
          continue  # Check again.
        fi

        # there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
        return 1  # not waiting any more.
      fi
    fi

    echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    sleep 1

  done

  if test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msg
    return 0
  else
    log_failure_msg
    return 1
  fi
}

# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  then
  print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else
  # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
  conf=/etc/my.cnf
  print_defaults=
  if test -r $conf
  then
    subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
    dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
    for d in $dirs
    do
      d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[  ]//g'`
      if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
      then
        print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
        break
      fi
    done
  fi

  # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
  test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi

#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#

extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
  extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fi

parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`

#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
  mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
  case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
    /* ) ;;
    * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
  esac
fi

case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon

    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir

    echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL (Percona Server)"
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$mycnf" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
      wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?

      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi

      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"

      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`

      if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
      then
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL (Percona Server)"
        kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop  $other_args; then
      $0 start $other_args
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL (Percona Server)"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;
  'status')
    # First, check to see if pid file exists
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then 
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
        log_success_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
      mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then 
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
          log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi 
        log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL (Percona Server) is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
    *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL (Percona Server) options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

先确认当前 MySQL 环境核心参数（从/etc/init.d/mysql.server脚本中提取），确保配置精准匹配：

 

配置项	实际路径 / 值
MySQL 安装目录（basedir）	/usr/local/mysql
数据目录（datadir）	/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
核心配置文件（my.cnf）	/etc/my.cnf
init.d 启动脚本	/etc/init.d/mysql.server
PID 文件路径	/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/[主机名].pid（脚本自动适配）
服务启动超时时间	900 秒（脚本内置，适配大内存 / 大数据量场景）

 

3. 核心原理

/etc/init.d/mysql.server是 Percona 官方适配的启动脚本，内置以下关键能力，避免手动配置的缺陷：

1. 自动解析/etc/my.cnf中的 basedir、datadir、pid-file 等核心配置，无需手动指定；
2. 内置wait_for_pid函数，精准校验 MySQL 启动 / 停止状态，避免 systemd 误判进程退出；
3. 自动管理 PID 文件和锁文件（/var/lock/subsys/mysql），防止进程重复启动；
4. 兼容mysqld_safe的 fork 启动逻辑，与 systemd 的Type=forking模式完美匹配。

4. 详细配置步骤

步骤 1：确认官方 init.d 脚本有效性

首先验证/etc/init.d/mysql.server脚本可正常使用（已存在且可执行）：

# 检查脚本是否存在
ls -l /etc/init.d/mysql.server

# 赋予执行权限（如无）
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql.server

# 测试脚本启动/停止功能（验证基础可用性）
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start
/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

步骤 2：编写 systemd 服务文件

创建 / 修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service，复用官方 init.d 脚本：

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

 

粘贴以下完整配置（包含开机自启 + 异常自启，补充原配置缺失的异常重启能力）：

[Unit]
# 服务描述
Description=Percona MySQL 5.7.22 (基于官方init.d脚本)
# 启动依赖：网络就绪后启动
After=network.target

[Service]
# 启动模式：适配init.d脚本的fork特性
Type=forking
# 调用官方脚本启动（复用原生启动逻辑）
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysql.server start
# 调用官方脚本停止（优雅关闭，避免进程残留）
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
# 核心：异常自启配置（进程崩溃/被杀死时自动重启）
Restart=on-failure
# 异常重启间隔：5秒，防止频繁重启
RestartSec=5
# 私有临时目录，提升安全性
PrivateTmp=true
# 放开文件句柄限制（匹配my.cnf配置）
LimitNOFILE=65535
# 仅杀死主进程，避免误杀子进程
KillMode=process

[Install]
# 开机启动级别：多用户模式（系统默认）
WantedBy=multi-user.target

步骤 3：加载配置并启用自启

# 1. 重新加载systemd配置（使新服务文件生效）
systemctl daemon-reload

# 2. 设置开机自启（核心：开机时自动启动mysql.service）
systemctl enable mysql.service

# 3. 启动MySQL服务（立即生效）
systemctl start mysql.service

# 4. 查看服务状态（正常应显示 active (running)）
systemctl status mysql.service

4. 功能验证

验证 1：基础启动验证

# 1. 查看服务状态（显示active (running)则启动成功）
systemctl status mysql.service

# 2. 验证MySQL可正常连接
mysql -P3306 -uroot -pmysql -h 172.172.178.235 -uinspire -pinspire123 --default-character-set=utf8

# 3. 查看进程（仅1组mysqld/mysqld_safe进程，无堆积）
ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep

验证 2：异常自启验证（核心）

模拟 MySQL 进程异常崩溃，验证自动重启能力：

# 1. 获取MySQL主进程PID（从脚本管理的PID文件读取）
MYSQL_PID=$(cat /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/$(hostname).pid)

# 2. 强制杀死MySQL进程（模拟异常退出）
kill -9 $MYSQL_PID

# 3. 等待5秒（匹配RestartSec=5）
sleep 5

# 4. 检查进程是否自动重启（有新PID，且仅1组进程）
ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep

# 5. 验证MySQL可正常连接（重启后服务可用）
mysql -P3306 -uroot -pmysql -h 172.172.178.235 -uinspire -pinspire123 --default-character-set=utf8

验证 3：开机自启验证

# 检查开机自启状态，输出"enabled"则配置成功
systemctl is-enabled mysql.service

# 可选：重启服务器后验证（生产环境谨慎操作）
reboot
# 重启后执行，验证服务自动启动
systemctl status mysql.service

5. 常用管理命令

配置完成后，可通过以下命令便捷管理 MySQL 服务：

# 启动服务
systemctl start mysql.service

# 停止服务
systemctl stop mysql.service

# 重启服务
systemctl restart mysql.service

# 查看服务状态
systemctl status mysql.service

# 关闭开机自启（如需）
systemctl disable mysql.service

# 查看MySQL运行状态（通过官方脚本）
/etc/init.d/mysql.server status

# 重新加载MySQL配置（无需重启服务）
/etc/init.d/mysql.server reload

6. 关键配置说明

 

systemd 配置项	作用
Type=forking	适配 init.d 脚本的后台 fork 启动逻辑，systemd 可精准识别启动状态
Restart=on-failure	仅在进程异常退出（崩溃、被 kill、启动失败）时重启，避免正常停止触发重启
RestartSec=5	异常退出后延迟 5 秒重启，防止短时间内频繁重启耗尽系统资源
LimitNOFILE=65535	放开文件句柄限制，匹配 my.cnf 中open-files-limit=65535的配置

 

7. 总结

1. 基于 Percona 官方/etc/init.d/mysql.server脚本配置 systemd 服务，是适配 MySQL 5.7.22 自启的最优方案，避免了直接调用mysqld_safe的进程误判、堆积等问题；
2. 核心配置需包含Type=forking（适配脚本启动逻辑）+Restart=on-failure（实现异常自启），兼顾稳定性和自启需求；
3. 最终配置可实现：开机自动启动 MySQL、进程异常崩溃后自动重启，且服务状态正常、无进程堆积，完全满足生产环境自启需求。