WinForm 与 Arduino 进行串口通信实现 LED 灯开关操作

参考

• DeepSeek
• https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaqiuchu/p/16740592.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/lhwanglei/article/details/108569051
• https://docs.arduino.cc/language-reference/en/variables/constants/highLow/
• https://www.qutaojiao.com/199.html
• https://wenku.csdn.net/answer/be476e1871e04d7e93971a6239110081
• https://www.cnblogs.com/whuanle/p/8622830.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/ba_wang_mao/article/details/113642066
• https://www.cnblogs.com/vuciao/p/10586742.html
• https://q.cnblogs.com/q/29277
• https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaqiuchu/p/18886268
• https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.io.ports.serialport?view=netframework-4.8
• https://blog.csdn.net/ba_wang_mao/article/details/113642066
• https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.io.ports.serialport?view=netframework-4.8
• https://blog.csdn.net/xpj8888/article/details/84628762
• https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38531633/article/details/117632465
• https://www.cnblogs.com/EasyInvoice/p/6047772.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/xiaogongzhu001/article/details/131080593
• https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/367816029.html
• https://cn.bing.com/search?pc=MOZI&form=MOZLBR&q=C%23+base64

环境

软件/系统	版本	说明
Windows	windows 10 专业版 22H2 64 位操作系统, 基于 x64 的处理器
Microsoft Visual Studio	Community 2022 (64 位) - Current 版本 17.14.5
.NET Framework	4.8
Arduino IDE	2.3.6

硬件/设备	数量	说明
Arduino UNO	1
LED灯	1
220Ω电阻	1
杜邦线	若干

预览

1. 上位机界面
   

2. Arduino接线

   图片来源 https://blog.csdn.net/lhwanglei/article/details/108569051

   

   

正文

上位机

1. Form1.Designer.cs

   namespace ConsoleSerialPortTest
   {
   	partial class Form1
   	{
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 必需的设计器变量。
   		/// </summary>
   		private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
   
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
   		/// </summary>
   		/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
   		protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
   		{
   			if (disposing && (components != null))
   			{
   				components.Dispose();
   			}
   			base.Dispose(disposing);
   		}
   
   		#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
   
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
   		/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
   		/// </summary>
   		private void InitializeComponent()
   		{
   			this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
   			this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
   			this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
   			this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
   			this.radioButton2 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.FlowLayoutPanel();
   			this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   			this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   			this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
   			this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
   			this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
   			this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.SuspendLayout();
   			this.SuspendLayout();
   			// 
   			// label1
   			// 
   			this.label1.AutoSize = true;
   			this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(226, 89);
   			this.label1.Name = "label1";
   			this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 24);
   			this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
   			this.label1.Text = "波特率";
   			// 
   			// textBox1
   			// 
   			this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(345, 86);
   			this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
   			this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 35);
   			this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
   			this.textBox1.Text = "9600";
   			// 
   			// label2
   			// 
   			this.label2.AutoSize = true;
   			this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(240, 143);
   			this.label2.Name = "label2";
   			this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(58, 24);
   			this.label2.TabIndex = 2;
   			this.label2.Text = "开灯";
   			// 
   			// radioButton1
   			// 
   			this.radioButton1.AutoSize = true;
   			this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 3);
   			this.radioButton1.Name = "radioButton1";
   			this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(65, 28);
   			this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 3;
   			this.radioButton1.Text = "开";
   			this.radioButton1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
   			this.radioButton1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton_CheckedChanged);
   			// 
   			// radioButton2
   			// 
   			this.radioButton2.AutoSize = true;
   			this.radioButton2.Checked = true;
   			this.radioButton2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(74, 3);
   			this.radioButton2.Name = "radioButton2";
   			this.radioButton2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(65, 28);
   			this.radioButton2.TabIndex = 4;
   			this.radioButton2.TabStop = true;
   			this.radioButton2.Text = "关";
   			this.radioButton2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
   			this.radioButton2.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton_CheckedChanged);
   			// 
   			// flowLayoutPanel1
   			// 
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(this.radioButton2);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(347, 143);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.Name = "flowLayoutPanel1";
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 40);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.TabIndex = 5;
   			// 
   			// button1
   			// 
   			this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(244, 218);
   			this.button1.Name = "button1";
   			this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(117, 45);
   			this.button1.TabIndex = 6;
   			this.button1.Text = "连接";
   			this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
   			this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
   			// 
   			// button2
   			// 
   			this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(430, 218);
   			this.button2.Name = "button2";
   			this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(117, 45);
   			this.button2.TabIndex = 7;
   			this.button2.Text = "关闭";
   			this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
   			this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
   			// 
   			// textBox2
   			// 
   			this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(69, 288);
   			this.textBox2.Multiline = true;
   			this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
   			this.textBox2.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
   			this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(736, 772);
   			this.textBox2.TabIndex = 8;
   			// 
   			// label3
   			// 
   			this.label3.AutoSize = true;
   			this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(226, 34);
   			this.label3.Name = "label3";
   			this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(106, 24);
   			this.label3.TabIndex = 9;
   			this.label3.Text = "串口列表";
   			// 
   			// comboBox1
   			// 
   			this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
   			this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(345, 31);
   			this.comboBox1.Name = "comboBox1";
   			this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 32);
   			this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 10;
   			// 
   			// button3
   			// 
   			this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(579, 24);
   			this.button3.Name = "button3";
   			this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(117, 45);
   			this.button3.TabIndex = 11;
   			this.button3.Text = "刷新";
   			this.button3.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
   			this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click);
   			// 
   			// Form1
   			// 
   			this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(12F, 24F);
   			this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
   			this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(918, 1087);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.button3);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.flowLayoutPanel1);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
   			this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
   			this.Name = "Form1";
   			this.Text = "Form1";
   			this.FormClosing += new System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventHandler(this.Form1_FormClosing);
   			this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.ResumeLayout(false);
   			this.flowLayoutPanel1.PerformLayout();
   			this.ResumeLayout(false);
   			this.PerformLayout();
   
   		}
   
   		#endregion
   
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButton1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton radioButton2;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.FlowLayoutPanel flowLayoutPanel1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox comboBox1;
   		private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;
   	}
   }
   
   
   

2. Form1.cs

   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.ComponentModel;
   using System.Data;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Drawing;
   using System.IO.Ports;
   using System.Linq;
   using System.Reflection;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading;
   using System.Threading.Tasks;
   using System.Windows.Forms;
   using static System.Windows.Forms.VisualStyles.VisualStyleElement;
   
   namespace ConsoleSerialPortTest
   {
   	public partial class Form1 : Form
   	{
   		static SerialPort _serialPort;
   		static Thread readThread;
   		public Form1()
   		{
   			InitializeComponent();
   
   		}
   		private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
   		{
   			//
   			 readThread = new Thread(Read);
   			readThread.Start();
   			//
   			GetComs();
   		}
   
   		private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
   		{
   			readThread.Abort();
   		}
   
   		public void LinkArduino()
   		{
   			_serialPort = new SerialPort(comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString(), int.Parse(textBox1.Text));
   			_serialPort.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
   			// 定时读取串口数据，超时会出发异常
   			//_serialPort.ReadTimeout = 500;
   			//_serialPort.WriteTimeout = 500;
   			try
   			{
   				_serialPort.Open();
   				Log("串口连接成功！");
   			}
   			catch (Exception ex)
   			{
   				Log($"串口连接失败：{ex.Message}");
   			}
   		}
   		// 使用 SerialPort.DataReceive 事件更好，接受数据后自动触发
   		public void Read()
   		{
   			while (true)
   			{
   				// 非连接状态下，直接跳过
   				if (!IsOpen())
   				{
   					continue;
   				}
   				try
   				{
   					string message = _serialPort.ReadLine();
   					// 去除空字符与换行，就可以接受正式数据了
   					if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message) && message != "\r")
   					{
   						// base64 是为了捕获换行符，然后进行过滤
   						// Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message))
   						Log($"收到串口返回数据：{message}");
   					}
   				}
   				catch (Exception e)
   				{
   					Debug.WriteLine(e.Message);
   					continue;
   				}
   			}
   		}
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 检测串口是否打开
   		/// </summary>
   		/// <returns></returns>
   		public static bool IsOpen()
   		{
   			if (_serialPort is null)
   			{
   				return false;
   			}
   			return _serialPort.IsOpen;
   		}
   
   		public void GetComs()
   		{
   			string[] ports = System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames();
   			this.comboBox1.Items.Clear();
   			for (int i = 0; i < ports.Length; i++)
   			{
   				this.comboBox1.Items.Add(ports[i]);
   			}
   			if (this.comboBox1.Items.Count > 0)
   			{
   				this.comboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0;
   			}
   		}
   
   		private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
   		{
   			this.GetComs();
   		}
   
   		private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
   		{
   			LinkArduino();
   		}
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 开启LED
   		/// </summary>
   		/// <param name="sender"></param>
   		/// <param name="e"></param>
   		private void radioButton_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
   		{
   			var rb = sender as RadioButton;
   			if (rb.Checked && IsOpen())
   			{
   				Log(rb.Text);
   				if ("开".Equals(rb.Text))
   				{
   					_serialPort.WriteLine("1");
   				}
   				if ("关".Equals(rb.Text))
   				{
   					_serialPort.WriteLine("0");
   				}
   			}
   
   		}
   
   		/// <summary>
   		/// 
   		/// </summary>
   		public void Log(string msg)
   		{
   			Debug.WriteLine(msg);
   			// 判断是否在同一线程
   			if (!this.textBox2.InvokeRequired)
   			{
   				this.textBox2.Text += msg + "\r\n";
   			}
   			else
   			{
   				this.Invoke(new Action(
   					() =>
   					{
   						this.textBox2.Text += msg + "\r\n";
   					}
   				));
   			}
   		}
   
   		private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
   		{
   			_serialPort.Close();
   		}
   	}
   }
   
   

Arduino

1. main.ino

   // 初始化引脚
   int LED=9;
   void setup()
   {
   	Serial.begin(9600);
   	Serial.println("start arduino");
   	//
   	pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
   }
   // 读取数据
   String readAllPort(){
     String comdata = "";
     while (Serial.available() > 0){
   	  comdata += char(Serial.read());  //每次读一个char字符，并相加
   	  delay(2);
     }
     return comdata;
   }
   
   // https://docs.arduino.cc/language-reference/en/variables/constants/highLow/
   void loop()
   {
   	String comdata = readAllPort();
   	if (comdata.length() > 0){
   		Serial.println("收到上位机消息 received:"+comdata);
   		int isOpen = comdata.toInt();
   		if(isOpen == 1){
   			//设置该引脚为高电平，点亮LED / HIGH = 1 or true
   			digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);      
   		}
   		if(isOpen == 0){
   			//设置该引脚为低电平，关闭LED  / LOW = 0 or false
   			digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
   		}
   		comdata = "";
   	}
   }