1. 创建新分区

# fdisk /dev/sda
n       （新建分区）
p       （选择分区类型主分区或扩展分区）
3       （选择分区编号）
回车
回车
t    （修改分区类型）
3    （选择分区）
8e    （Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'，修改成LVM类型）
w    （写分区表退出）

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。

使用命令重新读取分区表，或者重启机器
# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

格式化新磁盘分区
xfs文件系统
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3       （此处分区格式要与已有的LVM卷中分区格式一致）
EXT4文件系统
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

查看分区格式
cat /etc/fstab

2. 添加新LVM分区到已有的LVM组，实现扩容

[root@jason_test ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <15.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Alloc PE / Size       3839 / <15.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               Dw2t3d-lOmX-GwB8-r7z2-X2S2-2vzf-gn1ncn
   
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               98.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25342
  Alloc PE / Size       3839 / <15.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       21503 / <84.00 GiB
  VG UUID               Dw2t3d-lOmX-GwB8-r7z2-X2S2-2vzf-gn1ncn
   
lvm> lvextend -l +21503 /dev/mapper/centos-root  （想要扩容的分区）   
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 13.39 GiB (3429 extents) to 97.39 GiB (24932 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <15.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3839
  PV UUID               0khpbf-D1I8-hdt0-U78f-ELax-V2xR-eOL8g9
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               84.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              21503
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          21503
  PV UUID               lCHa3l-XXpa-B1OY-6gEq-CBAl-2NxS-CzrCn2
   
lvm> quit

3. 文件系统扩容

xfs文件系统

[root@jason_test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=877824 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3511296, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3511296 to 25530368

EXT4文件系统

resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root

[root@jason_test ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   98G   11G   87G  11% /
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G  9.3M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  182M  833M  18% /boot
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0

参考： https://www.lucissfer.com/2018/06/12/ESXI虚拟机磁盘在线扩容/

https://www.cnblogs.com/zengming/p/11498322.html

https://blog.csdn.net/linmengmeng_1314/article/details/124848863

ESXI编辑设置硬盘为灰色无法修改大小

解决办法：这是由于当前虚拟机存在快照，从而锁定了磁盘空间容量，删除快照即可解决此问题

esxi5.5、esxi6.0 更改磁盘大小，需要关闭虚拟机再操作(否则报错：failed to extend disk)

lvextend(选项)(参数)
-L：指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节；
-l：指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）

lvextend -L +100G  增加100G容量
lvextend -L 100G   扩展至100G容量

Esxi虚拟机磁盘扩容失败 提示“设备“3”的操作无效”的问题解决


解决：
删除该服务器的所有快照


Ubuntu系统

以下是针对 ESXi 6.7 虚拟机中 Ubuntu 25 系统 扩展 /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 逻辑卷的完整操作步骤：

一、ESXi 层面扩展虚拟磁盘

1. 关闭虚拟机  
   在 vSphere Client 中确认虚拟机处于关机状态。

2. 扩展虚拟磁盘容量  
   • 右键虚拟机 → 编辑设置 → 选择现有磁盘 → 修改 磁盘容量 为更大值（如从 20GB 扩容至 40GB）→ 勾选 “立即分配所有空间” → 确认保存。

3. 启动虚拟机  
   完成扩容后启动虚拟机，进入 Ubuntu 系统。

二、Ubuntu 系统内操作

1. 确认新磁盘空间已识别

lsblk  # 查看磁盘列表，确认新增空间（如 /dev/sda 新增未分配区域）
fdisk -l  # 检查磁盘总容量是否匹配 ESXi 设置

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (104857599 != 209715199) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A77751EF-70C8-40B2-AAB8-567B70D9AC45

Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 4198399 4194304 2G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 4198400 104855551 100657152 48G Linux filesystem

Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 24 GiB, 25765609472 bytes, 50323456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 739M 1.5M 737M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 24G 19G 3.6G 84% /
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /tmp
/dev/sda2 2.0G 213M 1.6G 12% /boot
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-networkd.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service
tmpfs 739M 12K 739M 1% /run/user/1000
jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-uRNTMdylbz7eSyCAvC13eriTNXaDwNpJI11d083eW6kpNmCiSeunLmGO5dFmT5Ld / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/ad9a6247-85d3-4c7d-8030-fd5399020813 /boot ext4 defaults 0 1
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.6
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
2 2097kB 2150MB 2147MB ext4
3 2150MB 53.7GB 51.5GB

(parted) resizepart 3 100%
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo partprobe /dev/sda
jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <98.00 GiB / not usable 16.50 KiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25087
Free PE 18944
Allocated PE 6143
PV UUID 3ewprj-IcFr-iGCy-0y0G-XFFw-tlZP-5DEJpX

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <24.00 GiB (6143 extents) to <98.00 GiB (25087 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID I11d08-3eW6-kpNm-CiSe-unLm-GO5d-FmT5Ld
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2025-07-02 13:48:39 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <98.00 GiB
Current LE 25087
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0

EXT4 文件系统：

sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

XFS 文件系统：

sudo xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 13
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 25689088 (4k) blocks long.

jason@aiyaya-bi:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 739M 1.5M 737M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 97G 19G 74G 21% /
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /tmp
/dev/sda2 2.0G 213M 1.6G 12% /boot
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-networkd.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service
tmpfs 739M 12K 739M 1% /run/user/1000

posted on 2021-06-11 15:27 小油2018 阅读(3220) 评论(0) 收藏举报