vander范德蒙德行列式

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E5%BC%8F

function m=vanderm(a,n)%a为列向量，n为你要的阶次
m=ones(length(a),n+1);
b=a;
m(:,2)=a;
for i=3:n+1
b=b.*a;
m(:,i)=b;
end

matlab：vander