与磁盘相关的命令

1.blkid 

1.1 blkid 查询所有的设备的文件系统类型

 

 

 1.2

[root@xiaowo /]# blkid --help
blkid: invalid option -- '-'
blkid from util-linux 2.23.2 (libblkid 2.23.0, 25-Apr-2013)
Usage:
blkid -L <label> | -U <uuid>

blkid [-c <file>] [-ghlLv] [-o <format>] [-s <tag>]
[-t <token>] [<dev> ...]

blkid -p [-s <tag>] [-O <offset>] [-S <size>]
[-o <format>] <dev> ...

blkid -i [-s <tag>] [-o <format>] <dev> ...

Options:
-c <file> read from <file> instead of reading from the default
cache file (-c /dev/null means no cache)
-d don't encode non-printing characters
-h print this usage message and exit
-g garbage collect the blkid cache
-o <format> output format; can be one of:
value, device, export or full; (default: full)
-k list all known filesystems/RAIDs and exit
-s <tag> show specified tag(s) (default show all tags)
-t <token> find device with a specific token (NAME=value pair)
-l look up only first device with token specified by -t
-L <label> convert LABEL to device name
-U <uuid> convert UUID to device name
-V print version and exit
<dev> specify device(s) to probe (default: all devices)

Low-level probing options:
-p low-level superblocks probing (bypass cache)
-i gather information about I/O limits
-S <size> overwrite device size
-O <offset> probe at the given offset
-u <list> filter by "usage" (e.g. -u filesystem,raid)
-n <list> filter by filesystem type (e.g. -n vfat,ext3)

 

 

2.ls -l /dev/disk/by-partuuid #partuuid暂时理解是磁盘分区的的uuid

ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/

 

 

 

3.df -h

[root@xiaowo /]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        908M     0  908M   0% /dev
tmpfs           919M   24K  919M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           919M  560K  919M   1% /run
tmpfs           919M     0  919M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  2.7G   35G   8% /
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/1000

4.cat /etc/fstab

[root@xiaowo /]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar  7 06:38:37 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=4b499d76-769a-40a0-93dc-4a31a59add28 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1

4.lsblk

[root@xiaowo /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 159.1M 0 rom
vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part /

5.mount

[root@xiaowo /]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=929312k,nr_inodes=232328,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/vda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=35,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=10983)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=188184k,mode=700)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=188184k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)

 

5.1 mount可以将分区挂接到Linux的一个文件夹下，从而将分区和该目录联系起来，因此我们只要访问这个文件夹，就相当于访问该分区了。

 

6.cat /etc/filesystems

[root@xiaowo /]# cat /etc/filesystems
xfs
ext4
ext3
ext2
nodev proc
nodev devpts
iso9660
vfat
hfs
hfsplus
*

 

7.fdisk 

[root@xiaowo /]# fdisk
Usage:
 fdisk [options] <disk>    change partition table
 fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s)
 fdisk -s <partition>      give partition size(s) in blocks

Options:
 -b <size>             sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096)
 -c[=<mode>]           compatible mode: 'dos' or 'nondos' (default)
 -h                    print this help text
 -u[=<unit>]           display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default)
 -v                    print program version
 -C <number>           specify the number of cylinders
 -H <number>           specify the number of heads
 -S <number>           specify the number of sectors per track

 

7.1 fdisk -l 

[root@xiaowo /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009ac89

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux

fdisk /dev/vda

[root@xiaowo /]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): m  #输入m 或者h获取帮助
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p #输入p查看已划分好的分区

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009ac89

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux

新磁盘插入创建主分区 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30010599/article/details/116773667

n创建一个分区 显示主分区和拓展分区，p是主分区 ，e是拓展分区

输入p 输入1 ，敲回车()整块硬盘最为第一个主分区，之后用p来确认下。

https://www.cnblogs.com/w-wfy/p/8870773.html linux添加新磁盘和创建分区