2.URL路由系统
URL配置(Django1.1.11版本)
基本格式
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ]
格式
from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('articles/2003/', views.special_case_2003), path('articles/<int:year>/', views.year_archive), path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.month_archive), path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/<slug:slug>/', views.article_detail), ]
正则表达式详解
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), #思考:如果用户想看2004、2005、2006....等,你要写一堆的url吗,是不是在articles后面写一个正则表达式/d{4}/就行啦,网址里面输入127.0.0.1:8000/articles/1999/试一下看看 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), #思考,如果你想拿到用户输入的什么年份,并通过这个年份去数据库里面匹配对应年份的文章,你怎么办?怎么获取用户输入的年份啊,分组/(\d{4})/,一个小括号搞定 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail), ]
urlpatterns中的元素按照从上到下逐一匹配正则表达式,一旦成功就不在继续
括号括起来的是分组匹配
每个url都是以r'^开头
以^开头以$结尾
关闭URL地址后出现的/可以在设置中配置settings.py默认为True
APPEND_SLASH=False
分组命名匹配
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), #注意正则匹配出来的内容是字符串,即便是你在url里面写的是2003数字,匹配出来之后也是字符串 url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),#year_archive(request,2003),小括号为分组,有分组,那么这个分组得到的用户输入的内容,就会作为对应函数的位置参数传进去,别忘了形参要写两个了,明白了吗? url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),#某年的,(?P<year>[0-9]{4})这是命名参数(正则命名匹配还记得吗?),那么函数year_archive(request,year),形参名称必须是year这个名字。而且注意如果你这个正则后面没有写$符号,即便是输入了月份路径,也会被它拦截下拉,因为它的正则也能匹配上 url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),#某年某月的 url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail), #某年某月某日的
捕获的参数永远都是字符串
include其他的URLconfs(也叫URL分发)
from django.conf.urls import include, url urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), # 可以包含其他的URLconfs文件 url(r'^app01/',include('app01.urls')), #别忘了要去app01这个应用下创建一个urls.py的文件,现在的意思是凡是以app01开头的路径请求,都让它去找app01下的urls文件中去找对应的视图函数,还要注意一点,此时这个文件里面的那个app01路径不能用$结尾,因为如果写了$,就没办法比配上app01/后面的路径了 ]
app01的urls.py内容
from django.conf.urls import url #from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^articles/2003/', views.special_case_2003,{'foo':'xxxxx'}), url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/', views.year_archive), ]
网址的访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/articles/2003/
创建首页面的url格式 http://127.0.0.1:8000就可以访问
from django.conf.urls import url #from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.app01), ]
创建app01的命令
python manage.py startapp app01
手动添加的app01要到settings.py中设置
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'app01.apps.App01Comfig', ]
url中的别名命名
url(r'^home', views.home, name='home'), # 给我的url匹配模式起名(别名)为 home,别名不需要改,路径你就可以随便改了,别的地方使用这个路径,就用别名来搞 url(r'^index/(\d*)', views.index, name='index'), # 给我的url匹配模式起名为index
模板里写
{% url 'home'} #模板渲染的时候,被django解析成了这个名字对应的那个url,这个过程叫做反向解析
命名空间模式
project中的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include urlpatterns = [ url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls', namespace='app01')), url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls', namespace='app02')), ]
app01的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from app01 import views app_name = 'app01' urlpatterns = [ url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail') ]
app2的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from app02 import views app_name = 'app02' urlpatterns = [ url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail') ]
模板中使用
{% url 'app01:detail' pk=12 pp=99 %}
views中的函数中使用
v = reverse('app01:detail', kwargs={'pk':11})
具体参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/clschao/articles/10403619.html