SSH框架整合(包学包会版)
SSH框架整合
简介:该文章讲述了SSH框架的整合,其中包含了整合思路的整合步骤,使用Spring+Spring-data-jpa+Hibernate框架。
为何要使用SpringDataJpa+Hibernate,因为Hibernate是Jpa的实现,SpringDataJpa对Jpa接口进行了封装,封装好了一套实现类,这样使用Hibernate作为SpringDataJpa的实现进行整合后就不用手写Hibernate实现类,加快了开发效率,类似于Mybatis的代理方式只需要写接口,并不需要写实现类。
方式一:基于jar包+XML方式的ssh整合。
方式二:基于Maven+注解方式的ssh整合。
当然,项目中普遍采用的是第二种方式,不过第一种方式更加利于我们学习SSH的整合过程。
此文章的另外一个目的就是方便以后搭建项目,可以直接来进行copy。也欢迎大家前来copy啦。
1.基于jar包+XML方式的ssh整合
1.1 所需jar包分析
1.1.1 Struts2所需jar包
1)struts_blank示例项目下的13个包

Asm 是关于字节码操作
Commons-fileupload 关于文件上传
Commons-io 关于 io 流操作工具
Commons-lang 也是一个工具,包含了关于数据与字符串操作
Freemaker 标签库模板文件
Javassist 它也是关于字节码操作,动态代理可以使用它实现(类似于 cglib)
Log4j 关于日志
Ognl 关于 ognl 表达式
Struts2-core xwork-cor struts2 框架底层是使用 xwork
2)struts2与Spring整合需要的插件包

3)如果使用struts的json插件还需要json包(可选)

4)如果需要注解开发还需要converttion插件包(可选xml方式不需要该包)
。
1.1.2 Spring所需jar包
1)Spring核心包

2)AOP开发需要的jar包,如使用aspectj框架则需要多一个

3)Spring 事务管理需要的jar一般必须,如果使用Spring jdbcTemplate则需要导入,jdbc和事务tx相关的jar包。

4)Spring整合Struts2,Hibernate,Junit所需要的包

如果你已经完成导入上述jar包,那么恭喜你,可以继续下一步,创建和配置所需的配置文件
1.2 配置文件分析
1)Struts2的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="" class="" method=""> <result name="" type=""></result> </action> </package> </struts>
2)Spring的配置文件
3)Hibernate的配置文件(整合后可以删除此配置文件,这里涉及到Spring整合Hibernate的两种方式)。
方式一:零障碍整合
hibernate配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- 配置关于数据库连接的四个项 driverClass url username password --> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernateTest</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">1234</property> <!-- 设置连接提供者 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property> <!-- c3p0连接池的配置 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property> <!-- 最大连接池 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property> <!-- 最小连接数 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</property> <!-- 超时 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property> <!-- 空闲连接 --> <!-- 可以将向数据库发送的sql显示出来 --> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <!-- 格式化sql --> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!-- hibernate的方言 --> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- 自动创建表 --> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- 用于设置事务提交方式 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.autocommit">false</property> <!-- 配置hibernate的映射文件所在位置 --> <mapping class="com.fbc0928.domain.User" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
spring中配置
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> </bean>
方式二:spring管理hibernate配置文件,此时不需要hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,applicationContext.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- spring整合hibernate方式二 --> <!-- 加载properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 加载连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <!-- 以下属性在书写时不能省略hibernate --> <!-- <props> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> </props> --> <!-- 上述的配置可以简写成以下 --> <value> hibernate.show_sql=true hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update hibernate.format_sql=true </value> </property> <!-- 加载hibernate的Xxx.hbm.xml配置文件 --> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>com/itheima/domain/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <!-- <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:cn/ithiema/domain/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:cn/itheima/domain</value> </list> </property> --> </bean> <!-- 配置连接池 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </bean> <!-- 声明式事务管理 --> <!-- 事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- 通知 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="find*" /> <tx:method name="add"/> <tx:method name="update"/> <tx:method name="del"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.itheima.service.*..*(..))" id="mypointcut"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="mypointcut"/> </aop:config> <!-- 声明dao --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 声明service --> <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.UserServiceImpl"> <property name="userDao" ref="userDao" /> </bean> <!-- 配置Action --> <!-- --> <bean id="userAction" class="com.itheima.action.UserAction"> <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property> </bean> </beans>
4)log4j的配置文件
# # Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java # # License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later. # See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html>. # log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n #log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender #log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log #log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout #log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout #log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql.ast.AST=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=debug log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=info #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=debug log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.transaction=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.jdbc=debug #log4j.logger.org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider=trace
5)db.properties
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///database jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=123456
6)web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!-- spring配置文件位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- spring核心监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Struts2核心过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
1.3 整合思路
1)Struts2的Action交给Spring容器管理
2)Hibernate的c3p0连接池、SessionFactory、及映射配置文件的配置交给容器管理
2.基于Maven+注解方式的ssh整合
该方式是开发中常用的方式,必须掌握,该方式整合有以下优点。
-
- 使用Maven管理的pom.xml来简化jar包的整理和导入,从而可以简化依赖的管理。
- 使用注解开发可以简化配置文件的配置,此时不再需要struts.xml和XXX.hbm.xml配置文件。只需要spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml以及日志、db.properties等配置文件。
- 与上述过程一致,我们来一起使用Maven,的注解来简化配置吧,你会对Maven爱不释手的。
2.1 使用Maven依赖管理简化Jar包导入过程
<dependencies> <!-- IOC相关包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- AOP相关包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- spring data jpa 数据库持久层 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 整合Web、ORM、Test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- struts2 框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- hibernate 框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 数据库连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- oracle数据库驱动,需要手动安装 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 对象转为json 工具包 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 日志框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 工具包 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Servlet、JSP --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <port>9000</port> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
2.2 使用注解进行开发,简化配置文件--注解分析
2.2.1 Struts注解分析
类注解
@ParentPackage("struts-default")
@Namespace("/")
@Controller
@Scope("prototype")
方法注解
@Action(value="访问路径", results={@Results=[@Result={}]})
2.2.2 entity实体类的Jpa注解
@Entity--表示这个类是一个Hibernate实体类、@Table--类与表的映射关系
@Id--表示该属性对应表中主键、@GeneratedValue--主键和生成策略、@Column(name = "C_ID")--该字段对应的表中的字段
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)--该字段为日期格式
@OneToOne--一对一关系
@OneToMany(mappedBy="多的一方的引用")--放弃外键的维护权、@ManyToOne--多对一关系 @JoinColumn(name = "C_ARCHIVE_ID")--多的一方添加外键列,维护外键
@ManyToMany 一方写 mappedBy 放弃外键维护、另一方 @JoinTable 维护中间表
2.2.3 spring组件注解
@Controller/@RestController、@Service、@Repository
2.3 配置文件
2.3.1 Spring配置文件,注解方式整合后不需要struts.xml和XXX.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!-- 扫描 @Server @Controller @Repository --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/> <!-- 加载properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/*.properties" /> <!-- 数据库连接池 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </bean> <!-- 整合JPA配置 --> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.itcast.bos.domain" /> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" /> </property> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="generateDdl" value="true" /> <property name="database" value="ORACLE" /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect" /> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> <property name="jpaDialect"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" /> </property> <property name="jpaPropertyMap"> <map> <entry key="hibernate.query.substitutions" value="true 1, false 0" /> <entry key="hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size" value="16" /> <entry key="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="2" /> <entry key="hibernate.generate_statistics" value="true" /> <entry key="hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer" value="true" /> <entry key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="false" /> <entry key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="false" /> </map> </property> </bean> <!-- JPA事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 注解管理事务 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 整合spring data jpa --> <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.bos.dao"/> </beans>
2.3.2 db.properties配置文件
# oracle jdbc properties
jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE
jdbc.driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.user=bos
jdbc.password=bos
2.3.3 log4j.properties配置文件
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c:/mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
2.3.4 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!-- spring配置文件位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- spring核心监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Struts2核心过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>

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