第一个SpringMVC项目
第一个SpringMVC项目
依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
方法一：基于配置实现
- 新建一个Moudle，添加web支持（在建好的Moudle上右击选择AddFrameworksSupport选择web支持）
- 配置tomcat,检查jar包是否存在（如果不存在会报404)，具体方法如下：
- 写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别-1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
<!-- 只要用户发的请求都被拦截 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.wang.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
- 实现Controller接口
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//ModelAndView 模型和视图
//ModelAndView构造方法可以指定返回的页面名称，也可以通过setViewName()方法跳转到指定的页面
//使用addObject()设置需要返回的值，addObject()有几个不同参数的方法，可以默认和指定返回对象的名字。
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//封装对象，放在ModelAndView中。Model
mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
//封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中
mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return mv;
}
}
- 写hello.jsp页面并启动tomcat测试
项目结构
方法二：基于注解实现（常用）
- 新建一个Moudle，添加web支持（在建好的Moudle上右击选择AddFrameworksSupport选择web支持）
- 配置tomcat,检查jar包是否存在（如果不存在会报404)
- web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wang.controller"/>
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 .css ,.html,.mp3 .... -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
- 创建Controller
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello") //用户.../hello请求时
public String hello(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","hello");
return "hello"; //会被视图解析器解析 WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp，也就是跳转到hello.jsp
}
}
@Controller相当于之前Spring中@Component@RequestMapping("/hello")该注解可以定义在方法上，也可以定义在类上，用来表示层级关系。- 返回值会被视图解析器解析
- 创建hello.jsp页面并测试
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