线程协作
线程协作
线程通信
应用场景:生产者和消费者问题
问题描述:
- 假设仓库只能存放一件产品,生产者将生产出来的产品放入仓库,消费者将仓库中的产品取走消费
- 如果仓库中没有产品,则生产者将产品放入仓库,然后停止生产并等待,直到仓库中的产品被消费者取走
- 如果仓库中放有产品,这消费者可以将产品取走消费,否则停止消费并等待
- wait():表示线程一直等待,直到其他线程通知,与sleep不同,会释放锁
- wait(long timeout):指定等待的毫秒数
- notify():唤醒一个处于等待的线程
- notifyAll():唤醒同一对象上所有调用wait()方法的线程,优先级别高的线程优先调度
管程法
package com.highlevel;
//测试:s生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区:管程法
//生产者、消费者、产品、缓冲区
public class TestPc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Producer(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Producer extends Thread {
SynContainer container;
public Producer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
container.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了--->" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken {
int id;//产品编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) {
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if (count == chickens.length) {
//通知消费者消费,生产者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果容器没满,就需要放入产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop() {
//判断能否消费
if (count == 0) {
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//消费了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法
package com.highlevel;
import sun.nio.cs.ext.TIS_620;
//测试生产者消费者问题:信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPC02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者--->演员
class Player extends Thread {
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
} else {
this.tv.play("抖音,记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者--->观众
class Watcher extends Thread {
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品--->节目
class TV {
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice;//表演的节目
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice) {
if (!flag) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:" + voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch() {
if (flag) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了" + voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
线程池
-
背景:经常创建和销毁、使用量特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响很大
-
思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时直接获取,用完后放回池子中,避免频繁创建销毁,实现重复利用
-
好处:
- 提高响应速度
- 降低资源消耗
- 便于线程管理
-
参数:
- corePoolSize:核心池的大小
- maximumPoolSize:最大线程数
- keepAliveTime:线程没有任务时会保持多长时间后终止
-
相关API:ExecutorService和Executors
实现代码:
package com.highlevel;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1、创建线程池
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭连接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
运行结果:

创建线程总结
package com.highlevel;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
//总结线程的创建
public class ThreadNew {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyThread01().start();
new Thread(new MyThread02()).start();
FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new NyThread03());
new Thread(futureTask).start();
try {
Integer integer = futureTask.get();
System.out.println(integer);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//1、继承Thread类
class MyThread01 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread01");
}
}
//2、实现Runnable接口
class MyThread02 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread02");
}
}
//3、实现Callable接口
class NyThread03 implements Callable<Integer> {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyThread03");
return 100;
}
}

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