c#中高效的excel导入sqlserver的方法和获取excel结构的方法

将oledb读取的excel数据快速插入的sqlserver中，很多人通过循环来拼接sql，这样做不但容易出错而且效率低下，最好的办法是使用bcp，也就是System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy 类来实现。不但速度快，而且代码简单，下面测试代码导入一个6万多条数据的sheet，包括读取（全部读取比较慢）在我的开发环境中只需要10秒左右，而真正的导入过程只需要4.5秒。

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.OleDb;
namespace WindowsApplication2
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中
            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";
            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();
            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);
            }
        }

        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)
        {
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            try
            {
                //获取全部数据
                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);
                conn.Open();
                string strExcel = "";
                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;
                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);
                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);
                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);

                //如果目标表不存在则创建
                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)
                {
                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);
                }
                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))
                {
                    sqlconn.Open();
                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();
                    command.CommandText = strSql;
                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    sqlconn.Close();
                }
                //用bcp导入数据
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))
                {
                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);
                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数
                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数
                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表
                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }

        }

        //进度显示
        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();
            this.Update();
        }

    }
}

上面的TransferData基本可以直接使用，如果要考虑周全的话，可以用oledb来获取excel的表结构，并且加入ColumnMappings来设置对照字段，这样效果就完全可以做到和sqlserver的dts相同的效果了。

c#通过oledb获取excel文件表结构信息

这个问题来自论坛提问，同理可以获得access等数据库的表结构信息。

 using  System;
 namespace  ConsoleApplication11
  ... {
      class  Program
       ... {
          public   static   void  Main()
           ... {
             getExcelFileInfo( @" c:a.xls " );
         }
          private   static   void  getExcelFileInfo( string  Path)
           ... {
              string  strConn  =   " Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; "   +   " Data Source= "   +  Path  +   " ; "   +   " Extended Properties=Excel 8.0; " ;
             System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection conn  =   new  System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(strConn);
             conn.Open();
             System.Data.DataTable table  =  conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(System.Data.OleDb.OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables,  null );
 
              foreach  (System.Data.DataRow drow  in  table.Rows)
               ... {
                  string  TableName  =  drow[ " Table_Name " ].ToString();
                 Console.WriteLine(TableName + " : " );
                  System.Data.DataTable tableColumns  =  conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(System.Data.OleDb.OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns,  new   object []  ... {  null ,  null , TableName , null } );
                  foreach  (System.Data.DataRow drowColumns  in  tableColumns.Rows)
                   ... {
                      string  ColumnName  =  drowColumns[ " Column_Name " ].ToString();
                     Console.WriteLine( " " + ColumnName);
                 }
             }
             Console.ReadKey( true );
         }
     }
 }