python socketserver模块
socketserver
socketserver内部使用IO多路复用以及“多线程”和“多进程”，从而实现并发处理多个客户端请求的scoket服务端。即，每个客户端请求连接到服务器时，socket服务端都会在服务器是创建一个“线程”或“进程”专门负责处理当前客户端的所有请求。
ThradingTCPServer
ThradingTCPServer实现的socket服务器内部会为每个client创建一个“线程”，该线程用来客户端进行交互
1、ThreadingTCPServer基础
使用ThreadingTCPServer:
- 创建一个继承自 SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类
- 类中必须定义一个名称为 handle 的方法
- 启动ThreadingTCPServer
使用
server端
import socketserver
class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): # $ 必须继承BaseRequestHandler
print('Myserver start'.center(50, "-"))
def handle(self): # $ 必须有handle方法
print('New connection:', self.client_address)
while True:
data = self.request.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
print(
'recv Client {} data {}'.format(
self.client_address,
data.decode()))
self.request.send(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(
('127.0.0.1', 8009), MyServer) # $ 实现多线程的socket
server.serve_forever() # $ 当前连接断开不会出现关闭或报错，可以与其他客户端继续连接
client端：
import socket
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',8009)
sk = socket.socket()
sk.connect(ip_port)
while True:
raw = input('client input >> ').strip()
sk.send(raw.encode("utf-8"))
msg = sk.recv(1024)
print(msg.decode("utf-8"))
sk.close()
输出
------------------Myserver start------------------
New connection: ('127.0.0.1', 13560)
recv Client ('127.0.0.1', 13560) data hello
New connection: ('127.0.0.1', 13561)
recv Client ('127.0.0.1', 13561) data world
---------------client1：
client input >> hello
hello
client input >>
---------------client2：
client input >> world
world
client input >>
socketserver分析
socketserver中包含了两种类，一种为服务类（server class），一种为请求处理类（request handle class）。前者提供了许多方法：像绑定，监听，运行…… （也就是建立连接的过程） 后者则专注于如何处理用户所发送的数据（也就是事务逻辑）。
服务类继承层次关系
BaseServer不直接对外服务。
TCPServer针对TCP套接字流
UDPServer针对UDP数据报套接字
UnixStreamServer和UnixDatagramServer针对UNIX域套接字
ThreadingTCPServer 源码分析
BaseServer
class BaseServer:
"""Base class for server classes.
Methods for the caller:
- __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
- serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
- shutdown()
- handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever()
- fileno() -> int # for select()
Methods that may be overridden:
- server_bind()
- server_activate()
- get_request() -> request, client_address
- handle_timeout()
- verify_request(request, client_address)
- server_close()
- process_request(request, client_address)
- shutdown_request(request)
- close_request(request)
- handle_error()
Methods for derived classes:
- finish_request(request, client_address)
Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
instances:
- timeout
- address_family
- socket_type
- allow_reuse_address
Instance variables:
- RequestHandlerClass
- socket
"""
timeout = None
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
self.server_address = server_address
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
self.__shutdown_request = False
def server_activate(self):
"""Called by constructor to activate the server.
May be overridden.
"""
pass
def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
"""Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
another thread.
"""
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:
while not self.__shutdown_request:
# XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or
# connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of
# polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a
# shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.
r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],
poll_interval)
if self in r:
self._handle_request_noblock()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()
def shutdown(self):
"""Stops the serve_forever loop.
Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
deadlock.
"""
self.__shutdown_request = True
self.__is_shut_down.wait()
# The distinction between handling, getting, processing and
# finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember:
#
# - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls
# select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
# - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
# - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process
# or create a new thread to finish the request
# - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;
# this constructor will handle the request all by itself
def handle_request(self):
"""Handle one request, possibly blocking.
Respects self.timeout.
"""
# Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
# handle_request before self.timeout was available.
timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
if timeout is None:
timeout = self.timeout
elif self.timeout is not None:
timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)
if not fd_sets[0]:
self.handle_timeout()
return
self._handle_request_noblock()
def _handle_request_noblock(self):
"""Handle one request, without blocking.
I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is
readable before this function was called, so there should be
no risk of blocking in get_request().
"""
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except socket.error:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)
except:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
def handle_timeout(self):
"""Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.
Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
"""
pass
def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Verify the request. May be overridden.
Return True if we should proceed with this request.
"""
return True
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Call finish_request.
Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
"""
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
def server_close(self):
"""Called to clean-up the server.
May be overridden.
"""
pass
def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
def shutdown_request(self, request):
"""Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
self.close_request(request)
def close_request(self, request):
"""Called to clean up an individual request."""
pass
def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
"""Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden.
The default is to print a traceback and continue.
"""
print '-'*40
print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',
print client_address
import traceback
traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!
print '-'*40
TCPServer
class TCPServer(BaseServer):
"""Base class for various socket-based server classes.
Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).
Methods for the caller:
- __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)
- serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
- shutdown()
- handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever()
- fileno() -> int # for select()
Methods that may be overridden:
- server_bind()
- server_activate()
- get_request() -> request, client_address
- handle_timeout()
- verify_request(request, client_address)
- process_request(request, client_address)
- shutdown_request(request)
- close_request(request)
- handle_error()
Methods for derived classes:
- finish_request(request, client_address)
Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
instances:
- timeout
- address_family
- socket_type
- request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
- allow_reuse_address
Instance variables:
- server_address
- RequestHandlerClass
- socket
"""
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 5
allow_reuse_address = False
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
self.socket_type)
if bind_and_activate:
try:
self.server_bind()
self.server_activate()
except:
self.server_close()
raise
def server_bind(self):
"""Called by constructor to bind the socket.
May be overridden.
"""
if self.allow_reuse_address:
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
def server_activate(self):
"""Called by constructor to activate the server.
May be overridden.
"""
self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
def server_close(self):
"""Called to clean-up the server.
May be overridden.
"""
self.socket.close()
def fileno(self):
"""Return socket file number.
Interface required by select().
"""
return self.socket.fileno()
def get_request(self):
"""Get the request and client address from the socket.
May be overridden.
"""
return self.socket.accept()
def shutdown_request(self, request):
"""Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
try:
#explicitly shutdown. socket.close() merely releases
#the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
except socket.error:
pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
self.close_request(request)
def close_request(self, request):
"""Called to clean up an individual request."""
request.close()
ThreadingMixIn
class ThreadingMixIn:
"""Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""
# Decides how threads will act upon termination of the
# main process
daemon_threads = False
def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
"""Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.
In addition, exception handling is done here.
"""
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Start a new thread to process the request."""
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()
RequestHandler
class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
class BaseRequestHandler:
"""Base class for request handler classes.
This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The
constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a
specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
defines a handle() method.
The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a
separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
can define arbitrary other instance variariables.
"""
def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
self.request = request
self.client_address = client_address
self.server = server
self.setup()
try:
self.handle()
finally:
self.finish()
def setup(self):
pass
def handle(self):
pass
def finish(self):
pass
请求处理类有三种方法：
setup()-
Called before the
handle()method to perform any initialization actions required. The default implementation does nothing.也就是在handle()之前被调用，主要的作用就是执行处理请求之前的初始化相关的各种工作。默认不会做任何事。（如果想要让其做一些事的话，就要程序员在自己的请求处理器中覆盖这个方法（因为一般自定义的请求处理器都要继承python中提供的BaseRequestHandler，ps：下文会提到的），然后往里面添加东西即可）
handle()-
This function must do all the work required to service a request. The default implementation does nothing. Several instance attributes are available to it; the request is available as
self.request; the client address asself.client_address; and the server instance asself.server, in case it needs access to per-server information.The type of
self.requestis different for datagram or stream services. For stream services,self.requestis a socket object; for datagram services,self.requestis a pair of string and socket.handle()的工作就是做那些所有与处理请求相关的工作。默认也不会做任何事。他有数个实例参数：self.request self.client_address self.server
finish()-
Called after the
handle()method to perform any clean-up actions required. The default implementation does nothing. Ifsetup()raises an exception, this function will not be called.在handle()方法之后会被调用，他的作用就是执行当处理完请求后的清理工作，默认不会做任何事
内部调用流程为：
- 启动服务端程序
- 执行 TCPServer.__init__ 方法，创建服务端Socket对象并绑定 IP 和 端口
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 5
allow_reuse_address = False
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
self.socket_type)
if bind_and_activate:
try:
self.server_bind()
self.server_activate()
except:
self.server_close()
raise
def server_bind(self):
"""Called by constructor to bind the socket.
May be overridden.
"""
if self.allow_reuse_address:
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
def server_activate(self):
"""Called by constructor to activate the server.
May be overridden.
"""
self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
def server_close(self):
"""Called to clean-up the server.
May be overridden.
"""
self.socket.close()
执行 BaseServer.__init__ 方法，将自定义的继承自SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类 MyRequestHandle赋值给 self.RequestHandlerClass
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
self.server_address = server_address
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
self.__shutdown_request = False
执行 BaseServer.server_forever 方法，While 循环一直监听是否有客户端请求到达 ...
def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
"""Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
another thread.
"""
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:
# XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or connecting to the
# socket to wake this up instead of polling. Polling reduces our
# responsiveness to a shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other
# times.
with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)
while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
if ready:
self._handle_request_noblock()
self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()
当客户端连接到达服务器
def _handle_request_noblock(self):
"""Handle one request, without blocking.
I assume that selector.select() has returned that the socket is
readable before this function was called, so there should be no risk of
blocking in get_request().
"""
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
except:
self.shutdown_request(request)
raise
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)
执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request 方法，创建一个 “线程” 用来处理请求
执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request_thread 方法
# main process
daemon_threads = False
def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
"""Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.
In addition, exception handling is done here.
"""
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Start a new thread to process the request."""
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()
执行 BaseServer.finish_request 方法，执行 self.RequestHandlerClass() 即：执行 自定义 MyRequestHandler 的构造方法（自动调用基类BaseRequestHandler的构造方法，在该构造方法中又会调用 MyRequestHandler的handle方法）
finish_request方法中执行了self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)。self.RequestHandlerClass是什么呢？
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass（就在__init__方法中）。所以finish_request方法本质上就是创建了一个服务处理实例RequestHandlerClass
RequestHandlerClass继承了BaseRequestHandler类，并实现handle方法，在实例化RequestHandlerClass时，会执行handle方法，处理用户所发送的数据（也就是事务逻辑）。
class BaseRequestHandler:
"""Base class for request handler classes.
This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The
constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a
specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
defines a handle() method.
The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a
separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
can define other arbitrary instance variables.
"""
def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
self.request = request
self.client_address = client_address
self.server = server
self.setup()
try:
self.handle()
finally:
self.finish()
时序图
附录
class SocketServer.BaseServer：这是模块中的所有服务器对象的超类。它定义了接口，如下所述，但是大多数的方法不实现，在子类中进行细化。
BaseServer.fileno()：返回服务器监听套接字的整数文件描述符。通常用来传递给select.select(), 以允许一个进程监视多个服务器。
BaseServer.handle_request()：处理单个请求。处理顺序：get_request(), verify_request(), process_request()。如果用户提供handle()方法抛出异常，将调用服务器的handle_error()方法。如果self.timeout内没有请求收到， 将调用handle_timeout()并返回handle_request()。
BaseServer.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5): 处理请求，直到一个明确的shutdown()请求。每poll_interval秒轮询一次shutdown。忽略self.timeout。如果你需要做周期性的任务，建议放置在其他线程。
BaseServer.shutdown()：告诉serve_forever()循环停止并等待其停止。python2.6版本。
BaseServer.address_family: 地址家族，比如socket.AF_INET和socket.AF_UNIX。
BaseServer.RequestHandlerClass：用户提供的请求处理类，这个类为每个请求创建实例。
BaseServer.server_address：服务器侦听的地址。格式根据协议家族地址的各不相同，请参阅socket模块的文档。
BaseServer.socketSocket：服务器上侦听传入的请求socket对象的服务器。
服务器类支持下面的类变量：
BaseServer.allow_reuse_address：服务器是否允许地址的重用。默认为false ，并且可在子类中更改。
BaseServer.request_queue_size
请求队列的大小。如果单个请求需要很长的时间来处理，服务器忙时请求被放置到队列中，最多可以放request_queue_size个。一旦队列已满，来自客户端的请求将得到 “Connection denied”错误。默认值通常为5 ，但可以被子类覆盖。
BaseServer.socket_type：服务器使用的套接字类型; socket.SOCK_STREAM和socket.SOCK_DGRAM等。
BaseServer.timeout：超时时间，以秒为单位，或 None表示没有超时。如果handle_request()在timeout内没有收到请求，将调用handle_timeout()。
下面方法可以被子类重载，它们对服务器对象的外部用户没有影响。
BaseServer.finish_request()：实际处理RequestHandlerClass发起的请求并调用其handle()方法。 常用。
BaseServer.get_request()：接受socket请求，并返回二元组包含要用于与客户端通信的新socket对象，以及客户端的地址。
BaseServer.handle_error(request, client_address)：如果RequestHandlerClass的handle()方法抛出异常时调用。默认操作是打印traceback到标准输出，并继续处理其他请求。
BaseServer.handle_timeout()：超时处理。默认对于forking服务器是收集退出的子进程状态，threading服务器则什么都不做。
BaseServer.process_request(request, client_address) :调用finish_request()创建RequestHandlerClass的实例。如果需要，此功能可以创建新的进程或线程来处理请求,ForkingMixIn和ThreadingMixIn类做到这点。常用。
BaseServer.server_activate()：通过服务器的构造函数来激活服务器。默认的行为只是监听服务器套接字。可重载。
BaseServer.server_bind()：通过服务器的构造函数中调用绑定socket到所需的地址。可重载。
BaseServer.verify_request(request, client_address)：返回一个布尔值，如果该值为True ，则该请求将被处理，反之请求将被拒绝。此功能可以重写来实现对服务器的访问控制。默认的实现始终返回True。client_address可以限定客户端，比如只处理指定ip区间的请求。 常用。
这个几个服务类都是同步处理请求的：一个请求没处理完不能处理下一个请求。要想支持异步模型，可以利用多继承让server类继承ForkingMixIn 或 ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes。
ForkingMixIn利用多进程（分叉）实现异步。
ThreadingMixIn利用多线程实现异步。
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/MnCu8261/p/5546823.html
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