使用Spring Boot实现分布式事务
使用Spring Boot实现分布式事务
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在微服务架构中,分布式事务是一个重要的概念,它用于确保在分布式系统中各个服务之间的数据一致性。分布式事务的实现相对复杂,因为它需要跨越多个服务、数据库或消息队列来维护数据的一致性。本文将详细介绍如何使用Spring Boot实现分布式事务,重点介绍如何使用Spring Cloud和Seata框架来管理分布式事务。
一、分布式事务的基本概念
分布式事务是指在多个不同的数据库或服务之间执行的事务操作,这些操作需要保证一致性和完整性。分布式事务通常通过两阶段提交(2PC)、三阶段提交(3PC)或TCC(Try-Confirm/Cancel)等协议来实现。
二、Seata简介
Seata(Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture)是阿里巴巴开源的一款分布式事务解决方案,提供了高效且易用的分布式事务服务。Seata支持AT、TCC、SAGA和XA等多种事务模式。
三、环境准备
JDK 8或以上版本
Maven 3或以上版本
MySQL数据库
Seata Server
四、创建Spring Boot项目
首先,我们使用Spring Initializr创建一个新的Spring Boot项目,并添加必要的依赖。
打开 Spring Initializr
输入项目信息:
Group: cn.juwatech
Artifact: spring-boot-seata
添加依赖:
Spring Web
Spring Data JPA
MySQL Driver
Seata Spring Boot Starter
点击“Generate”按钮生成项目并下载,然后解压项目文件。
- 在
src/main/resources目录下创建application.yml配置文件,添加以下内容:
server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: spring-boot-seata
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_example
username: root
password: password
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
seata:
enabled: true
application-id: spring-boot-seata
tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
- 在
src/main/resources目录下创建seata.conf配置文件,添加以下内容:
transport {
type = "TCP"
server = "NIO"
heartbeat = "true"
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
vgroupMapping.my_test_tx_group = "default"
enableDegrade = false
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
rm {
asyncCommitBufferLimit = 10000
lock {
retryTimes = 30
retryInterval = 10
}
reportRetryCount = 5
tableMetaCheckEnable = false
}
tm {
commitRetryCount = 5
rollbackRetryCount = 5
}
undo {
dataValidation = true
logSerialization = "jackson"
onlyCareUpdateColumns = true
}
}
support {
spring {
datasource-autoproxy = false
}
}
六、编写业务逻辑
- 创建实体类
Order和Account:package cn.juwatech.seata.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Order { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String userId; private String productId; private Integer count; private Double money; // getters and setters }package cn.juwatech.seata.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Account { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String userId; private Double balance; // getters and setters }- 创建
OrderRepository和AccountRepository:package cn.juwatech.seata.repository; import cn.juwatech.seata.entity.Order; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> { }package cn.juwatech.seata.repository; import cn.juwatech.seata.entity.Account; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface AccountRepository extends JpaRepository<Account, Long> { Account findByUserId(String userId); }- 创建服务类
OrderService和AccountService:package cn.juwatech.seata.service; import cn.juwatech.seata.entity.Order; import cn.juwatech.seata.repository.OrderRepository; import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class OrderService { @Autowired private OrderRepository orderRepository; @GlobalTransactional(name = "my_test_tx_group", rollbackFor = Exception.class) public void createOrder(Order order) { orderRepository.save(order); } }package cn.juwatech.seata.service; import cn.juwatech.seata.entity.Account; import cn.juwatech.seata.repository.AccountRepository; import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class AccountService { @Autowired private AccountRepository accountRepository; @GlobalTransactional(name = "my_test_tx_group", rollbackFor = Exception.class) public void decreaseBalance(String userId, double amount) { Account account = accountRepository.findByUserId(userId); if (account != null && account.getBalance() >= amount) { account.setBalance(account.getBalance() - amount); accountRepository.save(account); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Insufficient balance"); } } }创建控制器
OrderControllerpackage cn.juwatech.seata.controller; import cn.juwatech.seata.entity.Order; import cn.juwatech.seata.service.AccountService; import cn.juwatech.seata.service.OrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/orders") public class OrderController { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @Autowired private AccountService accountService; @PostMapping("/create") public String createOrder(@RequestBody Order order) { orderService.createOrder(order); accountService.decreaseBalance(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney()); return "Order created successfully"; } }七、运行并验证
启动 Spring Boot 应用程序,并验证分布式事务功能。
运行 SpringBootSeataApplication 类,启动 Spring Boot 应用程序。
使用 Postman 或其他工具发送 POST 请求到 http://localhost:8080/orders/create,请求体为{ "userId": "1", "productId": "P1001", "count": 2, "money": 200.00 }- 检查 MySQL 数据库,验证订单和账户信息是否正确更新。
通过以上步骤,我们成功地将 Spring Boot 应用与 Seata 集成,实现了分布式事务管理。Seata 提供了强大的分布式事务管理功能,使得在微服务架构中实现数据一致性变得更加容易和高效。
- 创建服务类
- 创建
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/java666668888/article/details/140401681

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