3D 模型压缩工具 Draco All In One
3D 模型压缩工具 Draco All In One
Draco 是一个用于
压缩和解压缩3D 几何网格和点云的库。它旨在改进 3D 图形的存储和传输。
Draco 的设计宗旨是压缩效率和速度，该代码支持压缩点、连接信息、纹理坐标、颜色信息、法线以及与几何图形关联的任何其他通用属性。Draco 作为 C++ 源代码发布，可用于压缩 3D 图形以及用于编码数据的 C++ 和 JavaScript 解码器。
https://google.github.io/draco/
https://github.com/google/draco
使用场景
- 压缩大型 3D 模型，优化传输和存储效率
...
demos
Draco compress big 3D models
$ git clone https://github.com/google/draco
$ cd draco
# 建议创建 build 目录的位置是 Draco 根目录下的一个目录。
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
# 注意：您无法在 Draco 根目录之外运行 cmake。
$ cmake ../
$ make
# draco_encoder 会读取 OBJ 或 PLY 文件作为输入，并输出 Draco 编码的文件。
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o bunny.drc
# 原始文件为 2.9 MB，压缩文件约为 46 kB。大小缩减了 60 倍以上。
⚠️ 需要手动移动输出文件的 ./draco/build/bunny.drc 文件路径
# ✅ fix: 输出文件 bunny.drc 的路径
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o ../../fix-bunny.drc
使用 WASM 解码 Draco 文件
在浏览器中解码 Draco 文件, DracoDecode.html
在浏览器中解码 Draco 文件,
DracoDecode.html<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Codelab - Draco Decoder</title>
<!-- 加载 Draco WASM 解码器。 -->
<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/draco/versioned/decoders/1.4.1/draco_wasm_wrapper.js">
// It is recommended to always pull your Draco JavaScript and WASM decoders
// from the above URL. Users will benefit from having the Draco decoder in
// cache as more sites start using the static URL.
</script>
<script>
// 创建一个 Draco 解码器模块
'use strict';
// The global Draco decoder module.
let decoderModule = null;
// Creates the Draco decoder module.
function createDracoDecoderModule() {
let dracoDecoderType = {};
// Callback when the Draco decoder module is fully instantiated. The
// module parameter is the created Draco decoder module.
dracoDecoderType['onModuleLoaded'] = function(module) {
decoderModule = module;
// Download the Draco encoded file and decode.
downloadEncodedMesh('bunny.drc');
};
DracoDecoderModule(dracoDecoderType);
}
// 解码 Draco 编码网格
// Decode an encoded Draco mesh. byteArray is the encoded mesh as
// an Uint8Array.
function decodeMesh(byteArray) {
// Create the Draco decoder.
const decoder = new decoderModule.Decoder();
// Create a buffer to hold the encoded data.
const buffer = new decoderModule.DecoderBuffer();
buffer.Init(byteArray, byteArray.length);
// Decode the encoded geometry.
let outputGeometry = new decoderModule.Mesh();
let decodingStatus = decoder.DecodeBufferToMesh(buffer, outputGeometry);
alert('Num points = ' + outputGeometry.num_points());
// You must explicitly delete objects created from the DracoModule
// or Decoder.
decoderModule.destroy(outputGeometry);
decoderModule.destroy(decoder);
decoderModule.destroy(buffer);
}
// 下载 Draco 编码网格
// Download and decode the Draco encoded geometry.
function downloadEncodedMesh(filename) {
// Download the encoded file.
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET", filename, true);
xhr.responseType = "arraybuffer";
xhr.onload = function(event) {
const arrayBuffer = xhr.response;
if (arrayBuffer) {
const byteArray = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
decodeMesh(byteArray);
}
};
xhr.send(null);
}
// 先调用“createDracoDecoderModule”函数来创建 Draco 解码器模块，该模块将调用“downloadEncodedMesh”函数下载已编码的 Draco 文件，该文件将调用“decodeMesh”函数解码已编码的 Draco 网格。
createDracoDecoderModule();
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
# 启动 Python Web 服务器。在终端类型中：
$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer
http://localhost:8000/DracoDecode.html
使用 three.js 渲染 Draco 文件
Web 3D 查看器 - three.js
Web 3D 查看器 - three.js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Codelab - Draco three.js Render</title>
<!-- 加载 three.js 和 Draco three.js 加载器 -->
<script type="importmap">
{
"imports": {
"three": "https://unpkg.com/three@v0.162.0/build/three.module.js",
"three/addons/": "https://unpkg.com/three@v0.162.0/examples/jsm/"
}
}
</script>
<script type="module">
// import three.js and DRACOLoader.
import * as THREE from 'three';
import {DRACOLoader} from 'three/addons/loaders/DRACOLoader.js'
// three.js globals.
var camera, scene, renderer;
// Create the Draco loader.
var dracoLoader = new DRACOLoader();
// Specify path to a folder containing WASM/JS decoding libraries.
// It is recommended to always pull your Draco JavaScript and WASM decoders
// from the below URL. Users will benefit from having the Draco decoder in
// cache as more sites start using the static URL.
// 设置 Draco 解码器路径
dracoLoader.setDecoderPath('https://www.gstatic.com/draco/versioned/decoders/1.4.1/');
// three.js 渲染代码。
function initThreejs() {
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 35, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 15 );
camera.position.set( 3, 0.25, 3 );
scene = new THREE.Scene();
scene.background = new THREE.Color( 0x443333 );
scene.fog = new THREE.Fog( 0x443333, 1, 4 );
// Ground
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(
new THREE.PlaneGeometry( 8, 8 ),
new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial( { color: 0x999999, specular: 0x101010 } )
);
plane.rotation.x = - Math.PI / 2;
plane.position.y = 0.03;
plane.receiveShadow = true;
scene.add(plane);
// Lights
var light = new THREE.HemisphereLight( 0x443333, 0x111122 );
scene.add( light );
var light = new THREE.SpotLight();
light.angle = Math.PI / 16;
light.penumbra = 0.5;
light.castShadow = true;
light.position.set( - 1, 1, 1 );
scene.add( light );
// renderer
renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { antialias: true } );
renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
const container = document.getElementById('container');
container.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize, false );
}
function onWindowResize() {
camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
}
function animate() {
render();
requestAnimationFrame( animate );
}
function render() {
var timer = Date.now() * 0.0003;
camera.position.x = Math.sin( timer ) * 0.5;
camera.position.z = Math.cos( timer ) * 0.5;
camera.lookAt( new THREE.Vector3( 0, 0.1, 0 ) );
renderer.render( scene, camera );
}
// 添加了 Draco 加载和解码代码。
function loadDracoMesh(dracoFile) {
dracoLoader.load(dracoFile, function ( geometry ) {
geometry.computeVertexNormals();
var material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial( { vertexColors: THREE.VertexColors } );
var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
mesh.castShadow = true;
mesh.receiveShadow = true;
scene.add( mesh );
} );
}
// 启动 three.js 渲染循环并加载 Draco 网格
window.onload = function() {
initThreejs();
animate();
loadDracoMesh('bunny.drc');
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container"></div>
</body>
</html>
http://localhost:8000/ThreeJSWeb3DViewer.html
尝试不同的编码参数
Draco 编码器允许使用许多不同的参数，这些参数会影响压缩文件的大小和代码的视觉质量
# $ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o bunny.drc
# 使用 12 位（默认为 11）位量化模型的位置。
# 使用更多量化位会`增加`压缩文件的大小。
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o out12.drc -qp 12
# 使用 6 位量化模型的位置。
# 使用较少的量化位可以`减小`压缩文件的大小。
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o out6.drc -qp 6
# ⚠️ 使用太少的位数进行量化时，不仅会产生令人印象深刻的压缩比，而且可能会严重降低模型的质量。如果您渲染 out6.drc，会发现视觉效果与原始图片大不相同。
模型的压缩级别。使用 cl 标记，可以将压缩率调整为从 1（最低）到 10（最高）。
# 模型的压缩级别, 最低 1
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o outLow.drc -cl 1
# 模型的压缩级别, 最高 10
$ ./draco_encoder -i ../testdata/bun_zipper.ply -o outHigh.drc -cl 10
与节省的位数相比，在最高压缩级别进行压缩所需的时间是有利的。应用的正确参数取决于编码时的时间和大小要求。
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CMake
CMake: A PowerfulSoftware Build System
CMake is the de-facto standard for building C++ code, with over 2 million downloads a month. It’s a powerful, comprehensive solution for managing the software build process.
$ cmake --version
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/guide/tutorial/index.html
CMake 配置文件
CMakeLists.txt
https://github.com/google/draco/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt
.cmakefiles
https://github.com/google/draco/blob/main/cmake/draco_install.cmake
# Copyright 2021 The Draco Authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
# use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
# the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
# the License.
if(DRACO_CMAKE_DRACO_INSTALL_CMAKE_)
return()
endif() # DRACO_CMAKE_DRACO_INSTALL_CMAKE_
set(DRACO_CMAKE_DRACO_INSTALL_CMAKE_ 1)
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
include(GNUInstallDirs)
# Sets up the draco install targets. Must be called after the static library
# target is created.
macro(draco_setup_install_target)
if(DRACO_INSTALL)
set(bin_path "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}")
set(data_path "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR}")
set(includes_path "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")
set(libs_path "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")
foreach(file ${draco_sources})
if(file MATCHES "h$")
list(APPEND draco_api_includes ${file})
endif()
endforeach()
list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES draco_api_includes)
# Strip $draco_src_root from the file paths: we need to install relative to
# $include_directory.
list(TRANSFORM draco_api_includes REPLACE "${draco_src_root}/" "")
foreach(draco_api_include ${draco_api_includes})
get_filename_component(file_directory ${draco_api_include} DIRECTORY)
set(target_directory "${includes_path}/draco/${file_directory}")
install(FILES ${draco_src_root}/${draco_api_include}
DESTINATION "${target_directory}")
endforeach()
install(FILES "${draco_build}/draco/draco_features.h"
DESTINATION "${includes_path}/draco/")
if(DRACO_BUILD_EXECUTABLES)
install(TARGETS draco_decoder DESTINATION "${bin_path}")
install(TARGETS draco_encoder DESTINATION "${bin_path}")
if(DRACO_TRANSCODER_SUPPORTED)
install(TARGETS draco_transcoder DESTINATION "${bin_path}")
endif()
endif()
if(MSVC)
install(
TARGETS draco
EXPORT dracoExport
RUNTIME DESTINATION "${bin_path}"
ARCHIVE DESTINATION "${libs_path}"
LIBRARY DESTINATION "${libs_path}")
else()
install(
TARGETS draco_static
EXPORT dracoExport
DESTINATION "${libs_path}")
if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
install(
TARGETS draco_shared
EXPORT dracoExport
RUNTIME DESTINATION "${bin_path}"
ARCHIVE DESTINATION "${libs_path}"
LIBRARY DESTINATION "${libs_path}")
endif()
endif()
if(DRACO_UNITY_PLUGIN)
install(TARGETS dracodec_unity DESTINATION "${libs_path}")
endif()
if(DRACO_MAYA_PLUGIN)
install(TARGETS draco_maya_wrapper DESTINATION "${libs_path}")
endif()
# pkg-config: draco.pc
configure_file("${draco_root}/cmake/draco.pc.template"
"${draco_build}/draco.pc" @ONLY NEWLINE_STYLE UNIX)
install(FILES "${draco_build}/draco.pc" DESTINATION "${libs_path}/pkgconfig")
# CMake config: draco-config.cmake
configure_package_config_file(
"${draco_root}/cmake/draco-config.cmake.template"
"${draco_build}/draco-config.cmake"
INSTALL_DESTINATION "${data_path}/cmake/draco")
write_basic_package_version_file(
"${draco_build}/draco-config-version.cmake"
VERSION ${DRACO_VERSION}
COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion)
export(
EXPORT dracoExport
NAMESPACE draco::
FILE "${draco_build}/draco-targets.cmake")
install(
EXPORT dracoExport
NAMESPACE draco::
FILE draco-targets.cmake
DESTINATION "${data_path}/cmake/draco")
install(FILES "${draco_build}/draco-config.cmake"
"${draco_build}/draco-config-version.cmake"
DESTINATION "${data_path}/cmake/draco")
endif(DRACO_INSTALL)
endmacro()
https://github.com/google/draco/tree/main/cmake
refs
https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/draco-3d?hl=zh-cn#0
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