Raspberry Pi 设置开机登录后自启动脚本 All In One

Raspberry Pi 设置开机登录后自启动脚本 All In One

dd-robot-notice

https://github.com/xgqfrms/Raspberry-Pi/issues/5

https://github.com/xgqfrms/dd-robot-notice/blob/main/raspberry-pi/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh

6 种修改系统文件来实现开机自启动的方法

file:///Users/xgqfrms-mm/Desktop/boot.pdf

https://cdn.xgqfrms.xyz/Linux/Raspberry-Pi/login-boot.pdf

.profile 用户级启动配置文件

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17343088.html

Solutions

2 种修改系统配置文件来实现开机登录后自动执行自定义 shell 脚本的方案

1. .profile

# ~ 用户家目录
$ cat ~/.profile

# $HOME 用户家目录
$ cat $HOME/.profile

# 等价于
$ pwd
/home/pi/
$ cat /home/pi/.profile

$ sudo nano /home/pi/.profile
# 等价于
$ sudo nano ~/.profile

$ sudo vim /home/pi/.profile
# 等价于
$ sudo vim ~/.profile
$ sudo vim $HOME/.profile

# 默认 pi $HOME
$ cat .profile

$ sudo vim ~/.profile

$ source ~/.profile

$ cat ~/.profile

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
	. "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

echo "每次登录自动执行脚本 ✅"
bash /home/pi/Desktop/ip-program.sh

2. .bashrc

$ sudo nano /home/pi/.bashrc

$ sudo vim /home/pi/.bashrc

3. init.d tab

# ip-notice-robot.py 让树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息通知
$ sudo cp /home/pi/ip-notice-robot.py /etc/init.d/

4. systemd ❌

$ sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/ip-notice-robot.service

$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/ip-notice-robot.service

5. crontab 定时器/定时任务

$ crontab -l
$ crontab -e

6. rc.local ❌

$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local

$ sudo vim /etc/rc.local

$ cat /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi

# 禁用电源关闭
iwconfig wlan0 power off

# Raspberry PI 设置开机自启动脚本
# 自动发送 IP 地址到钉钉群消息 🚀
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh"

exit 0

docs

1. raspi-config

$ sudo raspi-config

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#raspi-config

2. config.txt

$ cat /boot/config.txt
$ sudo nano /boot/config.txt
$ sudo vim /boot/config.txt

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_txt.html

BIOS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

example file:

# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on

# Automatically load overlays for detected cameras
camera_auto_detect=1

# Automatically load overlays for detected DSI displays
display_auto_detect=1

# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d
max_framebuffers=2

# Disable compensation for displays with overscan
disable_overscan=1

include extraconfig.txt

autoboot.txt

[all]
tryboot_a_b=1
boot_partition=2
[tryboot]
boot_partition=3

[all]
tryboot_a_b=1
boot_partition=3
[tryboot]
boot_partition=2

Display

hdmi_enable_4kp60
# Raspberry Pi 4 Only

By default, when connected to a 4K monitor, the Raspberry Pi 4B, 400 and CM4 will select a 30Hz refresh rate. Use this option to allow selection of 60Hz refresh rates.

IMPORTANT
It is not possible to output 4Kp60 on both micro HDMI ports simultaneously.
WARNING
Setting hdmi_enable_4kp60 will increase power consumption and the temperature of your Raspberry Pi.

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_txt.html#common-display-options

demos

1. 让 Raspberry Pi 说出自己的 IP 地址

无显示器 SSH 远程访问 树莓派

# SSH
$ ssh pi@raspberrypi.local

$ ssh pi@192.168.18.135

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17323303.html

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Raspberry Pi 设置开机自动启动 SSH

手动创建一个userconf.txt 配置文件

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#setting-up-a-headless-raspberry-pi

boot folder

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#boot-folder-contents

手动创建一个ssh 无扩展名 ✅ 或 ssh.txt 空文件 ❌

When this file is present, SSH will be enabled on boot.
The contents don’t matter, it can be empty.
SSH is otherwise disabled

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#ssh-or-ssh-txt

config.txt

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#config-txt

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_txt.html

wpa_supplicant.conf

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#wpa_supplicant-conf

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#configuring-networking-2

The utilization of quotes around the ssid - psk can help avoid any oddities if your network ssid or password has special chars (! @ # $ etc)

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
country=<Insert 2 letter ISO 3166-1 country code here>
update_config=1

network={
  ssid="<Name of your wireless LAN>"
  psk="<Password for your wireless LAN>"
}

WPA2 personal networks

2.4Ghz / 5Ghz

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=<Insert 2 letter ISO 3166-1 country code here>

network={
  scan_ssid=1
  ssid="<Name of your wireless LAN>"
  psk="<Password for your wireless LAN>"
  proto=RSN
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP
  auth_alg=OPEN
}

network={
    ssid="HomeOneSSID"
    psk="passwordOne"
    priority=1
    id_str="homeOne"
}

network={
    ssid="HomeTwoSSID"
    psk="passwordTwo"
    priority=2
    id_str="homeTwo"
}

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#adding-multiple-wireless-network-configurations

wpa_supplicant.conf demo

1. 只有一个 2.4GHz 的 Wi-Fi， 并开启了 WPA2 加密, 配置如下

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=CN

network={
  scan_ssid=1
  ssid="wifi_name"
  psk="pwd_1234567890"
  proto=RSN
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP
  auth_alg=OPEN
}

1. 同时具有两个 2.4GHz 和 5GHz 的Wi-Fi， 并开启了 WPA2 加密, 配置如下

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=CN

network={
  scan_ssid=1
  ssid="wifi_name"
  psk="pwd_1234567890"
  proto=RSN
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP
  auth_alg=OPEN
  priority=1
  id_str="2.4G"
}

network={
  scan_ssid=1
  ssid="wifi_name"
  psk="pwd_1234567890"
  proto=RSN
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP
  auth_alg=OPEN
  priority=2
  id_str="5G"
}

With no keyboard or monitor, you will need some way of remotely accessing your headless Raspberry Pi. For headless setup, SSH can be enabled by placing a file named ssh, without any extension, onto the boot folder of the SD Card. For more information see the section on setting up an SSH server.

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/remote-access.html

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/remote-access.html#ssh

For headless setup in addition to the ssh file you need a userconf.txt file, which contains a string username:encryptedpassword.
Please refer to the section on configuring a user in the discussions around headless setup of a Raspberry Pi.

userconf.txt & pi:raspberry

pi:/4g6TptuTP5B6

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#configuring-a-user

To generate the encrypted password, the easiest way is to use OpenSSL on a Raspberry Pi that is already running – open a terminal window and enter:

$ openssl passwd -6

# macOS
$ openssl passwd -6
# unknown option '-6'
usage: passwd [-1 | -apr1 | -crypt] [-in file] [-noverify] [-quiet]
    [-reverse] [-salt string] [-stdin] [-table] [password]

 -1                 Use MD5 based BSD password algorithm 1
 -apr1              Use apr1 algorithm (Apache variant of BSD algorithm)
 -crypt             Use crypt algorithm (default)
 -in file           Read passwords from specified file
 -noverify          Do not verify password
 -quiet             Do not output warnings
 -reverse           Reverse table columns (requires -table)
 -salt string       Use specified salt
 -stdin             Read passwords from stdin
 -table             Output cleartext and hashed passwords (tab separated)

# 跳过二次验证
$ openssl passwd -noverify

$ openssl passwd
Password: 
Verifying - Password: 
Warning: truncating password to 8 characters
/4g6TptuTP5B6

Linux shell wifi scan

iwlist

# scanning for wireless networks
$ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

$ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan > wifi-scan.md

$ cat ./wifi-scan.md | grep ESSID

$ ifconfig wlan0 | grep inet
$ ifconfig wlan0 | grep "inet "

$ ifconfig | grep "inet "

$ cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

$ sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi.asp

raspi-config

# GUI 交互式命令行界面
$ sudo raspi-config

在本质上还是直接修改 /boot/config.txt 配置文件

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#the-raspi-config-tool

refs

running a shell program at start up - A Beginner's Guide ✅

https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=332899
https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=314455
~~https://github.com/thagrol/Guides/ ~~

https://github.com/thagrol/Guides/blob/main/boot.pdf

login-boot.pdf

https://cdn.xgqfrms.xyz/Linux/Raspberry-Pi/login-boot.pdf

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17322420.html

How to use SSH to access the Raspberry Pi without know the Wi-Fi IP address All In One

如何在不知道 Wi-Fi IP 地址的情况下使用 SSH 访问树莓派

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17322254.html

如何解决树莓派开机后无法获取到 Wi-Fi IP 问题 All In One

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17278676.html

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