图解 HTTP, 图解 HTTPS, 图解 HTTP/2, 图解 HTTP/3, 图解 QUIC All In One

图解 HTTP, 图解 HTTPS, 图解 HTTP/2, 图解 HTTP/3, 图解 QUIC All In One

HTTP

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol

https://tools.ietf.org/html/

HTTP/2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/2

HTTP/3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security

HTTP

HTTP/0.9

HTTP/1.0

Expires August 19, 1996

https://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/1.0/draft-ietf-http-spec.html

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1945

HTTP/1.1

This document has been superseded. In 2014, RFC2616 was replaced by multiple RFCs (7230-7237).

https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.html

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.html

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7237.html

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.html

HTTP/2

https://http2.github.io/

https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7540.html

https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7541.html

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540

https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7541

Expires: August 4, 2012

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mbelshe-httpbis-spdy-00https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mbelshe-httpbis-spdy-00

HTTP/3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3

QUIC

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-quic-http

HTTPS

1. SSL

HTTP over SSL

SSL 2.0 / SSL 3.0

2. TLS (Transport Layer Security)

TLS 1.0 / TLS 1.1 / TLS 1.2 / TLS 1.3

https://blog.cloudflare.com/content/images/2019/01/web_timeline_large1.svg

TLS 1.3

TLS 1.3和TLS 1.2有什么区别？

TLS 1.3 是 TLS 协议的最新版本。
HTTPS 和其他网络协议使用 TLS 来进行加密 ，它是 SSL 的现代化版本。
TLS 1.3 放弃了对较旧、安全性较低的加密功能的支持，并加快了 TLS 握手 ，以及其他方面的改进。
作为背景了解，互联网工程任务组（IETF）于2018年8月发布了TLS 1.3。
它所取代的TLS 1.2版本在10年前，也就是2008年，进行了标准化。

使用最新的TLS版本有什么优势？

简而言之，TLS 1.3 比 TLS 1.2 更快、更安全。
使 TLS 1.3 更快的一处更改是对 TLS 握手工作方式的更新：TLS 1.3 中的 TLS 握手只需要一次往返（或来回通信）而不是两次，从而将过程缩短了几毫秒。
如果客户端之前连接到网站，TLS 握手的往返次数为零。
这使 HTTPS 连接更快，减少延迟并改善整体用户体验。

TLS 1.2中的许多主要漏洞与仍受到支持的较旧的加密算法有关。
TLS 1.3放弃了对这些易受攻击的加密算法的支持，因此，它不太容易受到网络攻击。

https://www.cloudflare.com/zh-cn/learning/ssl/why-use-tls-1.3/

DoH

DNS over HTTPS

Even if you are visiting a site using HTTPS, your DNS query is sent over an unencrypted connection.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS

https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/05/a-cartoon-intro-to-dns-over-https/

https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/

DNS over TLS

https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-tls

demos

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refs

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/02/ssl_tls.html

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/09/illustration-ssl.html

HTTP/1.0 vs HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1 vs HTTP/2

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/http-1-1-vs-http-2-what-s-the-difference

https://medium.com/@factoryhr/http-2-the-difference-between-http-1-1-benefits-and-how-to-use-it-38094fa0e95b

HTTP/2 vs HTTP/3

https://daniel.haxx.se/http3-explained/

https://blog.cloudflare.com/http3-the-past-present-and-future/

https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-3-from-root-to-tip/

https://developer.akamai.com/blog/2020/04/14/quick-introduction-http3

SSL vs TLS

https://www.csoonline.com/article/3246212/what-is-ssl-tls-and-how-this-encryption-protocol-works.html

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246

https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/

HTTPS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS#History

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#History_and_development

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