序列化和反序列化

序列化方式说明

• 二进制序列化器：序列化结果人看不懂，但是序列化后体积小

• soap序列化器：人能看懂，没啥阅读体验，文件体积比较大

• xml序列化器：可阅读性好，体积中等

• 序列化为json格式

二进制序列化器

• 要序列化的实体必须标记[Serializable]特性，表示可以序列化
• 不想序列化的字段可以标记[NonSerialized]特性

实体

[Serializable]
public class People
{
    public int Id;
    public string Name;
    public string Address;

    [NonSerialized]
    public string Sex;
}

序列化

List<People> peoples = GetPeoples();//创建一个实体集合
string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "BinarySerialize.txt");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName,FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    formatter.Serialize(fs, peoples);
}

反序列化

string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "BinarySerialize.txt");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    List<People> peoples = formatter.Deserialize(fs) as List<People>;
}

序列化结果

​ 一个看不懂的二进制文档

soap序列化器

• 要序列化的实体必须标记[Serializable]特性，表示可以序列化
• 不想序列化的字段可以标记[NonSerialized]特性
• soap不能序列化泛型对象

实体

[Serializable]
public class People
{
    public int Id;
    public string Name;
    public string Address;

    [NonSerialized]
    public string Sex;
}

序列化

List<People> peoples = GetPeoples();
string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "SoapSerialize.txt");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
    formatter.Serialize(fs, peoples.ToArray());
}

反序列化

string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "SoapSerialize.txt");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
    People[] peoples = (People[])formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}

序列化结果

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:clr="http://schemas.microsoft.com/soap/encoding/clr/1.0" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<SOAP-ENC:Array SOAP-ENC:arrayType="a1:People[3]" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/对象序列化/对象序列化%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
<item href="#ref-3"/>
<item href="#ref-4"/>
<item href="#ref-5"/>
</SOAP-ENC:Array>
<a1:People id="ref-3" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/对象序列化/对象序列化%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
<Id>1</Id>
<Name id="ref-6">张三</Name>
<Address id="ref-7">江苏</Address>
</a1:People>
<a1:People id="ref-4" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/对象序列化/对象序列化%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
<Id>2</Id>
<Name id="ref-8">李四</Name>
<Address id="ref-9">安徽</Address>
</a1:People>
<a1:People id="ref-5" xmlns:a1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/对象序列化/对象序列化%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull">
<Id>3</Id>
<Name id="ref-10">王五</Name>
<Address id="ref-11">浙江</Address>
</a1:People>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

XML序列化器

• 创建XML序列化器时需要传入需要序列化的对象的类型
• 不想序列化的字段可以标记[XmlIgnore]特性

实体

public class People
{
    public int Id;
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "姓名")]//设置节点别名
    public string Name;
    [XmlIgnore]//忽略Address不进行序列化
    public string Address;

    [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "性别")]//设置这个字段作为xml中的属性出现，并设置了属性名称
    public string Sex;
}

序列化

List<People> peoples = GetPeoples();
string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "XmlSerialize.xml");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<People>));
    formatter.Serialize(fs, peoples);
}

反序列化

string fileName = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "log", "XmlSerialize.xml");
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
    XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<People>));
    List<People> peoples = (List<People>)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}

序列化结果

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ArrayOfPeople xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <People 性别="男">
    <Id>1</Id>
    <姓名>张三</姓名>
  </People>
  <People 性别="女">
    <Id>2</Id>
    <姓名>李四</姓名>
  </People>
  <People 性别="男">
    <Id>3</Id>
    <姓名>王五</姓名>
  </People>
</ArrayOfPeople>

序列化为Json格式

• 安装Nuget包Newtonsoft.Json

序列化和反序列化

List<People> peoples = GetPeoples();
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(peoples);

List<People> newPeople = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<People>>(json);

序列化结果

[{"Id":1,"Name":"张三","Address":"江苏"},{"Id":2,"Name":"李四","Address":"安徽"},{"Id":3,"Name":"王五","Address":"浙江"}]