007 海归图turtle

  本节内容：基本语法及一些应用场景。

• 实心矩阵
• 旗帜
• 五角星
• Write方法
• 柱状图
• 36多花瓣
• 折线图
• fractal分形图形

一、基本语法

import turtle #导入模块
t=turtle.Turtle()#画布
t.hideturtle()#隐藏
t.up()#抬起笔
t.down()#放下笔
t.forward(dist)#按照小海龟朝向的方向移动dist个像素
t.backward(dist)#按照小海龟朝向的相反方向移动dist个像素
t.goto(x,y)#将小海龟移动到坐标(x,y)
t.pencolor(colorName)#笔的颜色，初始颜色为黑色
t.setheading(deg)#设置小海龟面朝deg度的方向
t.left(deg)#将小海龟逆时针旋转deg度
t.right(deg)#将小海龟顺时针旋转deg度
t.dot(diameter,colorName)#按照给定直径和颜色在当前位置上画点(圆)
t.fillcolor(colorName)#填充颜色(完全封闭的区域)
t.begin_fill() and t.end_fill()#绘制区域的颜色填充(必须放在绘制区域的语句前后)
t.write(s)#以当前位置作为字符串的左下角显示出字符串。
t.write(s,align="right")
t.write(s,align="center")
t.write(s,align="left")

  

二、场景应用

1、画一个实心矩形

import time
import turtle
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    drawFilledRectangle(t,0,0,100,150,"red","yellow")
    time.sleep(3)
def drawFilledRectangle(t,x,y,w,h,colorP="black",colorF="write"):
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.fillcolor(colorF)
    t.up()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.down()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.goto(x+w,y)
    t.goto(x+w,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.end_fill()
main()

2、旗帜 

import time
import turtle
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    drawFilledRectangle(t,0,0,150,25,"light blue","light blue")
    drawFilledRectangle(t,0,25,150,50,"blue","blue")
    drawFilledRectangle(t,0,75,150,25,"light blue","light blue")
    drawDot(t,75,50,40,"white")
    time.sleep(15)
def drawFilledRectangle(t,x,y,w,h,colorP="black",colorF="write"):
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.fillcolor(colorF)
    t.up()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.down()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.goto(x+w,y)
    t.goto(x+w,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.end_fill()
def drawDot(t,x,y,diameter,colorP):
    t.up()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.dot(diameter)
main()

 

3、五角星

import time
import turtle
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    lengthOfSize=200
    drawFivePointStar(t,0,0,lengthOfSize)
    time.sleep(5)
def drawFivePointStar(t,x,y,lengthOfSide):
    t.pencolor("red")
    t.fillcolor("blue")
    t.up()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.left(36)
    t.down()
    t.begin_fill()
    for i in range(5):
        t.forward(lengthOfSide)
        t.left(144)  #144=180-36
    t.end_fill()
main()

 

4、Write方法

import time
import turtle
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    t.up()
    t.goto(0,60)
    t.dot()
    # t.write("Python")
    t.write("Python",font=("Courier New",12,"bold"))
#加粗，12号，Courier New字体

    t.goto(0,30)
    t.dot()
    t.write("Python", align="right")

    t.goto(0,0)
    t.dot()
    t.write("Python",align="center")

    t.down()
    time.sleep(1)
main()

5、柱状图

import time
import turtle
heigts=[856,420,360,260,205]
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    for i in range(5):
        drawFilledRectangle(t,-200 + (76 * i),0,76,heigts[i] / 4,"black","light blue")
    displayText(t)
    time.sleep(15)
def drawFilledRectangle(t,x,y,w,h,colorP="black",colorF="white"):
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.fillcolor(colorF)
    t.up()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.down()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.goto(x+w,y)
    t.goto(x+w,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y+h)
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.end_fill()
def displayText(t):
    languages=["Mandarin","Spanish","English",
               "Hindi","Bengali"]
    t.pencolor("blue")
    t.up()
    for i in range(5):
        t.goto(-162 + (76 * i), heigts[i] / 4)
        t.write(str(heigts[i]), align="center", font=("Arial", 10, "normal"))

        t.goto(-162+(76 * i),10)
        t.write(str(languages[i]),align="center",font=("Arial",10,"normal"))
    t.goto(-200,-25)
    t.write('(in millions of "first language" speekers)',
        font=("Arial",10,"normal"))
main()

6、36朵花瓣

 

import time
import turtle
heigts=[856,420,360,260,205]
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    t.color("blue","light blue")
    t.begin_fill()
    for i in range(36):
        t.forward(200)
        t.left(170)
    t.end_fill()
    time.sleep(5)
main()

7、折线图

#折线图
import turtle
import time
yValues=[10.0,7.4,6.4,5.3,4.4,3.7,2.6]
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    drawLine(t,0,0,300,0)
    drawLine(t,0,0,0,175)
    for i in range(6):
        drawLineWithDots(t,40+(40*i),15*yValues[i],40+(40*(i+1)),15*yValues[i+1],"blue")
    drawTickMarks(t)
    displayText(t)
    time.sleep(1)
def drawLine(t,x1,y1,x2,y2,colorP="black"):
    t.up()
    t.goto(x1,y1)
    t.down()
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.goto(x2,y2)
def drawLineWithDots(t,x1,y1,x2,y2,colorP="black"):
    t.pencolor(colorP)
    t.up()
    t.goto(x1,y1)
    t.dot(5)
    t.down()
    t.goto(x2,y2)
    t.dot(5)
def drawTickMarks(t):
    for i in range(1,8):
        drawLine(t,40*i,0,40*i,10)
    drawLine(t,0,15*max(yValues),10,15*max(yValues))
    drawLine(t,0,15*min(yValues),10,15*min(yValues))
def displayText(t):
    t.pencolor("blue")
    t.up()
    t.goto(-3,(15*max(yValues))-10)
    t.write(max(yValues),align="right")
    x=40
    for i in range(2000,2013,2):
        t.goto(x,-20)
        t.write(str(i),align="center")
        x+=40
        t.goto(0,-50)
        t.write("Pencentage of College Freshmen Who Smoke")
main()

8、绘制一个fractal分形图形（递归的分形计算函数）

import turtle
import time
def main():
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.hideturtle()
    t.speed(0)
    level=12
    fract(t,-80,60,80,60,level)
    time.sleep(5)
def fract(t,x1,y1,x2,y2,level):
    newX=0
    newY=0
    if level==0:
        drawLine(t,x1,y1,x2,y2)
    else:
        newX=(x1+x2)/2+(y2-y1)/2
        newY=(y1+y2)/2-(x2-x1)/2
        fract(t,x1,y1,newX,newY,level-1)
        fract(t,newX,newY,x2,y2,level-1)
def drawLine(t,x1,y1,x2,y2):
    t.up()
    t.goto(x1,y1)
    t.down()
    t.goto(x2,y2)
main()