201771010126 王燕《面向对象程序设计(Java)》第七周实验总结
实验七 继承附加实验
实验时间 2018-10-11
1、实验目的与要求
(1)进一步理解4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途;
private--私有域或私有方法:只能在定义它的类中使用
public--公有域或公有方法:在任何其他的类中都可以访问
protected--受保护的域或方法:在所有子类和本包中可以访问
不用修饰符--友好域和友好方法:在同一包中的不同类之间访问
(2)掌握Object类的常用API用法;
Object类是Java中所有类最终的祖先——每一个类都由它扩展而来。也就是说,在不给出超类的情况下,Java会自动把Object作为要定义类的超类。 可以使用类型为Object的变量指向任意类型的对象。但要对他们进行专门的操作,都要进行类型转换。
(3)掌握ArrayList类用法与常用API;
(4)掌握枚举类使用方法;
(5)结合本章知识,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点;
多态性:发送消息给某个对象,让该对象自行决定响应何种行为。 通过将子类对象引用赋值给超类对象引用变量来实现动态方法调用。 java 的这种机制遵循一个原则:当超类对象引用变量引用子类对象时,被引用对象的类型而不是引用变量的类型决定了调用谁的成员方法,但是这个被调用的方法必须是在超类中定义过的,也就是说被子类覆盖的方法。
(6)熟练掌握Java语言中基于类、继承技术构造程序的语法知识(ch1-ch5);
(7)利用已掌握Java语言程序设计知识,学习设计开发含有1个主类、2个以上用户自定义类的应用程序。
 1 import java.util.Scanner;
 2 
 3 public class Main {
 4     public static void main(String[] args) {
 5         Son son2 = new Son(false);
 6         Son son = new Son();
 7         son2.method(3);
 8         son.method();
 9     }
10 }
11 
12 class Parent {
13     Parent() {
14         
15     }
16 
17     Parent(boolean b) {
18         System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
19     }
20 
21     public void method() {
22         System.out.println("Parent's method()");
23     }
24 }
25 
26 class Son extends Parent {
27     // 补全本类定义
28     Son() {
29         System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
30     }
31 
32     Son(boolean b) {
33         super(b);
34     }
35 
36     public void method(int a) {
37         System.out.println("Son's method()");
38     }
39 }
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1 补充以下程序中主类内main方法体,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。
| 
 public class TEST1 { private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性"; public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性"; protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性"; String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性"; private void tese1() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void tese2() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void tese3() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void tese4() { System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class TEST2 extends TEST1{ private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性"; public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性"; protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性"; String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性"; public void demo1() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void demo2() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void demo3() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void demo4() { System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { TEST2 test2 = new TEST2(); /*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性,结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/ } }  | 
 1 public class TEST1 {
 2     private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性";
 3     public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性";
 4     protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性";
 5     String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性";
 6     private void tese1() {
 7         System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法");
 8     }
 9     public void tese2() {
10         System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法");
11     }
12     protected void tese3() {
13         System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
14     }
15     void tese4() {
16         System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法");
17     }
18 }
 1 public class TEST2 extends TEST1{
 2     private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性";
 3     public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性";
 4     protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性";
 5     String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性";
 6     public void demo1() {
 7         System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法");
 8     }
 9     private void demo2() {
10         System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法");
11     }
12     protected void demo3() {
13         System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
14     }
15     void demo4() {
16         System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法");
17     }
18 }
 1 public class Main {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) {
 3         TEST2 test= new TEST2();
 4         /*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性,结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/
 5          test.demo1();
 6          test.demo3();
 7          test.demo4();
 8          test.tese2();
 9          test.tese3();
10          test.tese4();
11          System.out.println(test.t2);
12          System.out.println(test.t3);
13          System.out.println(test.t4);
14          System.out.println(test.e2);
15          System.out.println(test.e3);
16          System.out.println(test.e4);
17     }
18 }
 
实验2 第五章测试程序反思,继承知识总结。
测试程序1:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10(教材174页-177页);
Ÿ 结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握Object类的定义及用法;
 1 package arrayList;
 2 
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 7  * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class ArrayListTest
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       // 填充雇员数组信息
15       ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>();
16 
17       staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
18       staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
19       staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
20 
21       // 用以下方法为雇员涨5%的薪资
22       for (Employee e : staff)
23          e.raiseSalary(5);
24 
25       // 输出所有雇员对象的信息
26       for (Employee e : staff)
27          System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
28                + e.getHireDay());
29    }
30 }

 1 package arrayList;
 2 
 3 import java.time.*;
 4 
 5 public class Employee
 6 {
 7    private String name;
 8    private double salary;
 9    private LocalDate hireDay;
10 
11    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
12    {
13       this.name = name;
14       this.salary = salary;
15       hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
16    }
17 
18    public String getName()
19    {
20       return name;
21    }
22 
23    public double getSalary()
24    {
25       return salary;
26    }
27 
28    public LocalDate getHireDay()
29    {
30       return hireDay;
31    }
32 
33    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
34    {
35       double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
36       salary += raise;
37    }
38 }

测试程序2:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-11(教材182页);
Ÿ
 1 package enums;
 2 
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 7  * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class EnumTest
11 {  
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {  
14       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);//创建一个输入尺寸的输入流
15       System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
16       String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
17       Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
18       System.out.println("size=" + size);
19       System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
20       if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
21          System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
22    }
23 }
24 
25 enum Size//声明一个尺寸的枚举类型
26 {
27    SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");//列举具体尺寸
28 
29    private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
30    public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
31 
32    private String abbreviation;
33 }

测试程序3:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页);
Ÿ 结合运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握枚举类的定义及用法;
 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 import java.time.*;
 4 import java.util.Objects;
 5 
 6 public class Employee
 7 {
 8    private String name;
 9    private double salary;
10    private LocalDate hireDay;
11 
12    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
13    {
14       this.name = name;
15       this.salary = salary;
16       hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
17    }
18 
19    public String getName()
20    {
21       return name;
22    }
23 
24    public double getSalary()
25    {
26       return salary;
27    }
28 
29    public LocalDate getHireDay()
30    {
31       return hireDay;
32    }
33 
34    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
35    {
36       double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
37       salary += raise;
38    }
39 
40    public boolean equals(Object otherObject)//进行相等测试
41    {
42       // 测试对象是否想等
43       if (this == otherObject) return true;
44 
45       // 若不相等则返回错误,或返回空
46       if (otherObject == null) return false;
47 
48       // 如果不是相同类型则不相等,返回错误信息
49       if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
50 
51       // 确定other中的对象是雇员对象
52       Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;
53 
54       // 测试是否在此域中
55       return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
56    }
57 
58    public int hashCode()
59    {
60       return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
61    }
62 
63    public String toString()
64    {
65       return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay
66             + "]";
67    }
68 }
 
 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 5  * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class EqualsTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {  //添加各雇员对象的信息
12       Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
13       Employee alice2 = alice1;
14       Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
15       Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
16     //返回雇员信息
17       System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
18 
19       System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
20 
21       System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
22 
23       System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
24 
25       System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
26     //添加Manager的信息
27       Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
28       Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
29       boss.setBonus(5000);
30       System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
31       System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
32       System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
33       System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
34       System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
35       System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
36    }
37 }
 
 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 public class Manager extends Employee//Manager类继承Employee类
 4 {
 5    private double bonus;
 6 
 7    public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
 8    {
 9       super(name, salary, year, month, day);
10       bonus = 0;
11    }
12 
13    public double getSalary()
14    {
15       double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
16       return baseSalary + bonus;
17    }
18 
19    public void setBonus(double bonus)
20    {
21       this.bonus = bonus;
22    }
23 
24    public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
25    {
26       if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
27       Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
28       // 检查超类是否与此类相等
29       return bonus == other.bonus;
30    }
31 
32    public int hashCode()
33    {
34       return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
35    }
36 
37    public String toString()
38    {
39       return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
40    }
41 }

实验总结:
通过两周的学习,对继承,以及子类如何继承父类的方法有了进一步的了解,理解了继承的多态性;懂得了4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途,以及如何使用。掌握了Object流泪,ArrayList类,以及枚举的定义和使用
                    
                
                
            
        
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