部署django应用

Autor: wangxianlong

2016/7/10 16:17:55

环境:

centos 6.5
python 2.7.5
django 1.9
nginx 1.8
selinux diabled
项目目录: /data/task/xuptlib/

安装必要的软件

python

由于centos自带的python2.6.6已经驱动不起来django1.9了. 大概会报这样的错误

Traceback (most recent call last):File "", line 1, in
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/init.py", line 1, in
from django.utils.version import get_versionFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/version.py", line 7, in
from django.utils.lru_cache import lru_cacheFile "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/lru_cache.py", line 28
fasttypes = {int, str, frozenset, type(None)},
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

所以我们升级为python2.7.5. 我们用来pyenv来管理环境，当然也可以重新编译python

下载pyenv脚本

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yyuu/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer

chmod +x pyenv-installer
./pyenv-installer

配置环境

cat /etc/profile.d/pyenv.sh
export PATH="/root/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

source /etc/profile

安装python 2.7.5

pyenv install 2.7.5

使用 python2.7.5

pyenv local 2.7.5
pyenv rehash

django

yum install -y python-pip
pip install django==1.9
pip install Mysql-python # 连接数据库

nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_gzip_static_module && make && make install

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/

uwsgi

pip install uwsgi

测试一下: uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

test.py

def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"] # python3
#return ["Hello World"] # python2

在浏览器中看到helloworld

部署

首先看下流程，知道流程思路清晰，做的才不会乱，问题也好解决:

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

1. 部署nginx

配置文件

cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 2; #主进程数

events {
use epoll; # 使用epoll I/O模型
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_tokens off;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;

keepalive_timeout 45;

server {
listen 80;
server_name x.x.x.x;
charset utf-8;
client_max_body_size 32M;

location /static {
alias /data/task/xuptlib/staticfile; #静态文件位置，自己需要使用django来collect静态文件
}

location / { # 注意使用scoket，免去TCP的连接消耗
uwsgi_pass unix:///data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock;
include uwsgi_params; # 在配置文件conf中
}
}

}

配置完成:

nginx -t
nginx

2. django的部署

2.1 关闭django的debug

DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 注意允许的主机不要忘写了, 否则HTTP400会来

顺带提一下可以关闭url中admin后台管理

2.2 配置静态文件收集

刚才有在nginx配置文件中提到哦！！

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "staticfile/")

收集

python manage.py collectstatic

3. uwsgi

可以理解uwsgi在django和nginx搭了桥. 身份有点像Tomcat

配置文件/或者直接用命令

cat /etc/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
chdir = /data/task/xuptlib #项目父目录
module = bookhelper.wsgi #项目下的wsgi文件位置
socket = /data/task/xuptlib/bookhelper.sock # socket 文件位置，和nginx配置文件中的一样哦！！
chmod = 666 # socket 权限，不够的话，会permission denied
master = true
processes = 3 #　起的三个子进程数
vacuum = true # 退出清理环境
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi.pid
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log # 日志位置

uwsgi启动脚本

[root@rikewang xuptlib]# cat /etc/init.d/uwsgi
#! /bin/sh

PATH="/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/shims:/root/.pyenv/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

NAME=uwsgi
EXEC=uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

do_start() {
$EXEC $CONFIGFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}

do_stop() {
$EXEC --stop $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
rm -f $PIDFILE
}
do_reload() {
$EXEC --reload $PIDFILE &> /dev/null || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}
do_status() {
ps aux|grep $EXEC
}

case "$1" in
status)
echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
do_status
;;
start)
echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
do_start
;;
stop)
echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
do_stop
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
do_reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac

exit 0

在回顾一下流程: