Java GUI编程
1、简介
GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT
2、需要jre环境
为什么要学习？
1、可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
2、工作中，也可能需要维护到swing界面，
3、了解MVC架构，了解监听！
2、AWT
-
AWT介绍
包含了很多类和接口！GUI：图形界面编程
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
2、组件和容器
-
Frame
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame ,JDK
Frame frame = new Frame("wx-Java图形界面窗口");
//设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
//设置窗口弹出初始位置
frame.setLocation(300,300);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
//
} -
面板Panel
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,600,600);
frame.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
//panel 设置坐标，相对于frame,相对坐标
panel.setBounds(50,50,300,300);
panel.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 system.exit(0)
//适配器模式：
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关系的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
} -
布局管理器
-
-
流式布局
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件 -按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
// frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setBounds(300,300,600,600);
frame.setVisible(true);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
} -
东西南北中
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("wx");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setBounds(300,300,600,600);
frame.setVisible(true);
} -
表格式 Grid
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("wx");
Button button1 = new Button("East");
Button button2 = new Button("West");
Button button3 = new Button("South");
Button button4 = new Button("North");
Button button5 = new Button("Center");
Button button6 = new Button("Center1");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.add(button4);
frame.add(button5);
frame.add(button6);
frame.pack();//Java 函数
frame.setBounds(300,300,600,600);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
练习：
public static void main(String[] args) {
//总 frame
Frame frame = new Frame("wx");
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
frame.setBounds(300,300,800,800);
//4个面板
Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
panel1.add(new Button("Wast-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
panel3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
panel3.add(new Button("Wast-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-1"));
panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-2"));
panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-3"));
panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-4"));
panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(panel1);
frame.add(panel3);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
} -
总结：
-
Frame是一个顶级窗口
-
Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
-
布局管理器
-
流式
-
东西南北中
-
表格
-
-
大小，定位，背景颜色，监听
-
-
事件
多个按钮共用一个事件
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("wx");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
//可以显示的定义出发会返回的命令
button1.setActionCommand("1");
button2.setActionCommand("2");
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setBounds(300,300,600,600);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public class MyMonitor implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String actionCommand = e.getActionCommand();
if (actionCommand.equals("1")){
System.out.println("开始。。。。");
}else {
System.out.println("结束。。。。");
}
}
} -
输入框TestField
-
简易计算器
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculation().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculation extends Frame {
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//三个文本框
//10为字符数
num1 = new TextField(10);
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
//一个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
// MyCalcListner myCalcListner = new MyCalcListner(textField1,textField2,textField3);
MyCalcListner myCalcListner = new MyCalcListner(this);
button.addActionListener(myCalcListner);
//一个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
// pack();
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public Calculation() throws HeadlessException {
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalcListner implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
//获取计算器这个对象
Calculation calculation = null;
public MyCalcListner(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
public MyCalcListner(Calculation calculation) {
this.calculation = calculation;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//第一种
/*//1.获得加数和被加数
Integer num1Text = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
Integer num2Text = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(num1Text+num2Text));
//3.清除前两框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");*/
//第二种
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculation.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculation.num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
calculation.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两框
calculation.num1.setText("");
calculation.num2.setText("");
}
} -
画笔
//画笔
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(300,300,600,400);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画笔，需要有颜色，可以画画
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//空心的圆形
g.drawOval(100,100,50,50);
//实心的矩形
g.fillRect(200,200,60,60);
//养成习惯，画笔画完，将他还原成最初的颜色
}
} -
鼠标监听
目的：实现鼠标画画
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListner {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("wx");
}
}
//
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
points = new ArrayList();
//存鼠标点击的点
//添加鼠标监听器
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListner());
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画画，监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,50,50);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPoint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListner extends MouseAdapter {
//鼠标 按下，弹起，按下不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//点击的时候会产生一个点
//这个点就是鼠标的点
myFrame.addPoint( new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
myFrame.repaint();
}
}
} -
窗口监听
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.GREEN);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowOpened");
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosed");
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
});
}
} -
键盘监听
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame() {
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘按下的是哪一个
//获得当前键盘的码
System.out.println(e.getKeyCode());
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
//根据按下不同的操作，产生不同的结果
}
});
}
}
3、SWING
3.1窗口、面板
public class JFrameDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJFrame().init();
}
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
public void init(){
//获得一个容器
Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
//设置文字
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("你好");
add(jLabel);
//文字居中
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//关闭事件
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
3.2弹窗
JDialog,默认有关闭事件
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//绝对布局
contentPane.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
jButton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
add(jButton);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
setVisible(true);
setBounds(400,400,500,500);
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.setLayout(null);
contentPane.add(new Label("你好Java"));
}
}
3.3标签
label
new JLabel("xxx");
Icon图标
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() throws HeadlessException {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("huowa.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
图片
//图标，是一个接口，需要实现类，Frame需要继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int windth;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){
}
public IconDemo(int windth, int height){
this.windth = windth;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(30, 30);
//图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
JLabel jlable = new JLabel("iconTest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.add(jlable);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,windth,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.windth;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
3.4面板
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//后边参数是间距
contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
contentPane.add(jPanel1);
contentPane.add(jPanel2);
contentPane.add(jPanel3);
contentPane.add(jPanel4);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,30);
jTextArea.setText("您好");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5按钮
public class JButtonDemo1 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo1() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//将一个图片变一个图标
URL url = JButtonDemo1.class.getResource("huowa.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton jButton = new JButton();
jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);
jButton.setToolTipText("喷火娃");
contentPane.add(jButton);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo1();
}
}
-
单选按钮
public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo2() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//单选框
JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton1");
JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton2");
JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton3");
//单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能同时选择一个
ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);
contentPane.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.EAST);
contentPane.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.WEST);
contentPane.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo2();
}
} -
复选按钮
//复选按钮
public class JButtonDemo3 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo3() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//多选框
JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox1");
JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox2");
JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox3");
contentPane.add(jCheckBox1,BorderLayout.EAST);
contentPane.add(jCheckBox2,BorderLayout.WEST);
contentPane.add(jCheckBox3,BorderLayout.NORTH);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo3();
}
}
3.6列表
-
下拉框
//下拉框
public class TestComboxDemo1 extends JFrame {
public TestComboxDemo1() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
jComboBox.addItem("第一项");
jComboBox.addItem("第二项");
jComboBox.addItem("第三项");
contentPane.add(jComboBox);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboxDemo1();
}
} -
列表框
//列表框
public class TestComboxDemo2 extends JFrame {
public TestComboxDemo2() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
Vector vector = new Vector();
vector.add("第一项");
vector.add("第二项");
vector.add("第三项");
//生成列表的内容
String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
JList jList = new JList(vector);
contentPane.add(jList);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboxDemo2();
}
} -
应用场景
-
选择地区，或者一些单个选项
-
列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容
-
3.7文本框
-
文本框
public class TestTxtDemo1 extends JFrame {
public TestTxtDemo1() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("Hello");
JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("Word",20);
contentPane.add(jTextField1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
contentPane.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTxtDemo1();
}
} -
密码框
public class TestTxtDemo2 extends JFrame {
public TestTxtDemo2() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
contentPane.add(jPasswordField);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTxtDemo2();
}
} -
文本域
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() throws HeadlessException {
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,30);
jTextArea.setText("您好");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(300,300,600,600);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
贪吃蛇
帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧 60帧。连起来是动画，拆开就是静态图片。
键盘监听
定时器Timer
-
定义数据
-
画上去
-
监听事件
键盘
事件
按下空格不好用的话需要按下tab键将焦点切换至窗口
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