Solr 入门实战(4)--Java 操作 Solr

本文主要介绍使用 Java 来操作 Solr，文中所使用到的软件版本：Java 1.8.0_191、Solr 8.9.0。

1、定义 Schema 信息

假设一个描述诗人信息的文档包含如下字段：

字段	描述
id	唯一主键
age	年龄
name	姓名
poems	诗歌
about	简介
success	成就

定义的 schema 信息如下：

<field name="about" type="text_ik" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="age" type="pint" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="content" type="text_ik" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="true"/>
<field name="id" type="string" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="name" type="text_ik" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="poems" type="text_ik" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="success" type="text_ik" uninvertible="true" indexed="true" stored="true"/>

2、Java 操作 Solr

2.1、引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
    <artifactId>solr-solrj</artifactId>
    <version>8.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
    <artifactId>solr-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.9.0</version>
</dependency>

2.2、编写 demo

2.2.1、增加/更新文档

@Test
public void update() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    SolrInputDocument document = new SolrInputDocument();
    document.addField("id", "123456");
    document.addField("age", 30);
    document.addField("name", "李白2");
    document.addField("poems", "望庐山瀑布");
    document.addField("about", "字太白");
    document.addField("success", "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度");

    SolrInputDocument document2 = new SolrInputDocument();
    document2.addField("id", "123457");
    document2.addField("age", 31);
    document2.addField("name", "杜甫");
    document2.addField("poems", "望岳");
    document2.addField("about", "字子美");
    document2.addField("success", "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家，唐诗思想艺术的集大成者");

    solrClient.add(coreName, document);
    solrClient.add(coreName, document2);
    solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
}

还可以通过实体类来增加/更新文档：

@Test
public void update2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    PoetInfo info = new PoetInfo("123456", 40, "李白", "望庐山瀑布", "字太白", "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度");
    solrClient.addBean(coreName, info);
    solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
}

2.2.2、查询文档

/**
 * 通过 MapSolrParams 查询
 */
@Test
public void query() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
    //查询条件
    map.put("q", "*:*");
    //要显示的内容
    map.put("fl", "id,age,name,poems");
    //排序方式
    map.put("sort", "id asc");
    MapSolrParams solrParams = new MapSolrParams(map);

    QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrParams);
    SolrDocumentList documents = queryResponse.getResults();
    logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", documents.getNumFound());
    for (SolrDocument document : documents) {
        String id = (String)document.getFieldValue("id");
        Integer age = (Integer)document.getFieldValue("age");
        String name = (String)document.getFieldValue("name");
        String poems = (String)document.getFieldValue("poems");
        logger.info("id={},age={},name={},poems={}", id, age, name, poems);
    }
}

/**
 * 通过 solrQuery 查询
 */
@Test
public void query2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    SolrQuery solrQuery = new SolrQuery("*:*");
    solrQuery.addField("id");
    solrQuery.addField("age");
    solrQuery.addField("name");
    solrQuery.addField("poems");
    solrQuery.addSort("id", SolrQuery.ORDER.asc);
    //设置返回的行数
    solrQuery.setRows(10);

    QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrQuery);
    SolrDocumentList documents = queryResponse.getResults();
    logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", documents.getNumFound());
    for (SolrDocument document : documents) {
        String id = (String)document.getFieldValue("id");
        Integer age = (Integer)document.getFieldValue("age");
        String name = (String)document.getFieldValue("name");
        String poems = (String)document.getFieldValue("poems");
        logger.info("id={},age={},name={},poems={}", id, age, name, poems);
    }
}

/**
 * 查询返回实例类对象
 */
@Test
public void query3() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    SolrQuery solrQuery = new SolrQuery("*:*");
    solrQuery.addField("id");
    solrQuery.addField("age");
    solrQuery.addField("name");
    solrQuery.addField("poems");
    solrQuery.addField("about");
    solrQuery.addField("success");
    solrQuery.addSort("id", SolrQuery.ORDER.asc);
    //设置返回的行数
    solrQuery.setRows(10);

    QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrQuery);
    List<PoetInfo> list = queryResponse.getBeans(PoetInfo.class);
    logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", list.size());
    for (PoetInfo info : list) {
        logger.info(info.toString());
    }
}

2.2.3、删除文档

/**
 * 根据id删除文档
 */
@Test
public void delete() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    solrClient.deleteById(coreName, "123456");
    solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
}

/**
 * 根据查询删除文档
 */
@Test
public void delete2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    solrClient.deleteByQuery(coreName, "name:杜甫");
    solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
}

2.2.4、完整代码

package com.abc.demo.general.solr;

import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.beans.Field;

public class PoetInfo {
    @Field
    private String id;

    @Field
    private Integer age;

    @Field
    private String name;

    @Field
    private String poems;

    @Field
    private String about;

    @Field
    private String success;

    public PoetInfo() {
    }

    public PoetInfo(String id, Integer age, String name, String poems, String about, String success) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.poems = poems;
        this.about = about;
        this.success = success;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Info{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", poems='" + poems + '\'' +
                ", about='" + about + '\'' +
                ", success='" + success + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAbout() {
        return about;
    }

    public void setAbout(String about) {
        this.about = about;
    }

    public String getSuccess() {
        return success;
    }

    public void setSuccess(String success) {
        this.success = success;
    }
}

PoetInfo

package com.abc.demo.general.solr;

import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrQuery;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocumentList;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.params.MapSolrParams;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class SolrCase {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SolrCase.class);

    private HttpSolrClient solrClient;
    private String coreName = "new_core";

    @Before
    public void before() {
        solrClient = new HttpSolrClient.Builder("http://10.49.196.10:8983/solr")
                .withConnectionTimeout(10000)
                .withSocketTimeout(60000)
                .build();
    }

    @After
    public void after() throws IOException {
        solrClient.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void update() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        SolrInputDocument document = new SolrInputDocument();
        document.addField("id", "123456");
        document.addField("age", 30);
        document.addField("name", "李白2");
        document.addField("poems", "望庐山瀑布");
        document.addField("about", "字太白");
        document.addField("success", "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度");

        SolrInputDocument document2 = new SolrInputDocument();
        document2.addField("id", "123457");
        document2.addField("age", 31);
        document2.addField("name", "杜甫");
        document2.addField("poems", "望岳");
        document2.addField("about", "字子美");
        document2.addField("success", "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家，唐诗思想艺术的集大成者");

        solrClient.add(coreName, document);
        solrClient.add(coreName, document2);
        solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
    }

    @Test
    public void update2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        PoetInfo info = new PoetInfo("123456", 40, "李白", "望庐山瀑布", "字太白", "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度");
        solrClient.addBean(coreName, info);
        solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
    }


    /**
     * 通过 MapSolrParams 查询
     */
    @Test
    public void query() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        //查询条件
        map.put("q", "*:*");
        //要显示的内容
        map.put("fl", "id,age,name,poems");
        //排序方式
        map.put("sort", "id asc");
        MapSolrParams solrParams = new MapSolrParams(map);

        QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrParams);
        SolrDocumentList documents = queryResponse.getResults();
        logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", documents.getNumFound());
        for (SolrDocument document : documents) {
            String id = (String)document.getFieldValue("id");
            Integer age = (Integer)document.getFieldValue("age");
            String name = (String)document.getFieldValue("name");
            String poems = (String)document.getFieldValue("poems");
            logger.info("id={},age={},name={},poems={}", id, age, name, poems);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过 solrQuery 查询
     */
    @Test
    public void query2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        SolrQuery solrQuery = new SolrQuery("*:*");
        solrQuery.addField("id");
        solrQuery.addField("age");
        solrQuery.addField("name");
        solrQuery.addField("poems");
        solrQuery.addSort("id", SolrQuery.ORDER.asc);
        //设置返回的行数
        solrQuery.setRows(10);

        QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrQuery);
        SolrDocumentList documents = queryResponse.getResults();
        logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", documents.getNumFound());
        for (SolrDocument document : documents) {
            String id = (String)document.getFieldValue("id");
            Integer age = (Integer)document.getFieldValue("age");
            String name = (String)document.getFieldValue("name");
            String poems = (String)document.getFieldValue("poems");
            logger.info("id={},age={},name={},poems={}", id, age, name, poems);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 查询返回实例类对象
     */
    @Test
    public void query3() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        SolrQuery solrQuery = new SolrQuery("*:*");
        solrQuery.addField("id");
        solrQuery.addField("age");
        solrQuery.addField("name");
        solrQuery.addField("poems");
        solrQuery.addField("about");
        solrQuery.addField("success");
        solrQuery.addSort("id", SolrQuery.ORDER.asc);
        //设置返回的行数
        solrQuery.setRows(10);

        QueryResponse queryResponse = solrClient.query(coreName, solrQuery);
        List<PoetInfo> list = queryResponse.getBeans(PoetInfo.class);
        logger.info("查询到{}个文档！", list.size());
        for (PoetInfo info : list) {
            logger.info(info.toString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根据id删除文档
     */
    @Test
    public void delete() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        solrClient.deleteById(coreName, "123456");
        solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
    }

    /**
     * 根据查询删除文档
     */
    @Test
    public void delete2() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
        solrClient.deleteByQuery(coreName, "name:杜甫");
        solrClient.commit(coreName, true,true);
    }
}

SolrCase

3、Java 操作 SolrCloud

Java 操作 SolrCloud 与 Java 操作 Solr 很类似，主要区别有：

1、连接使用的类不同，连接 Solr 使用的是 HttpSolrClient，连接 SolrColud 使用的是 CloudHttp2SolrClient。
2、API 针对的操作对象不同，Solr 针对的是 core，SolrCloud 针对的是 collection。

3.1、引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
    <artifactId>solr-solrj</artifactId>
    <version>8.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
    <artifactId>solr-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.9.0</version>
</dependency>

3.2、编写 demo

3.2.1、增加/更新文档

@Test
public void update() throws IOException, SolrServerException {
    SolrInputDocument document = new SolrInputDocument();
    document.addField("id", "123456");
    document.addField("age", 30);
    document.addField("name", "李白2");
    document.addField("poems", "望庐山瀑布");
    document.addField("about", "字太白");
    document.addField("success", "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度");

    SolrInputDocument document2 = new SolrInputDocument();
    document2.addField("id", "123457");
    document2.addField("age", 31);
    document2.addField("name", "杜甫");
    document2.addField("poems", "望岳");
    document2.addField("about", "字子美");
    document2.addField("success", "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家，唐诗思想艺术的集大成者");

    solrClient.add(collection, document);
    solrClient.add(collection, document2);
    solrClient.commit(collection, true,true);
}