1.浏览RYU官网学习RYU控制器的安装和RYU开发入门教程,提交你对于教程代码的理解,包括但不限于:

  • 描述官方教程实现了一个什么样的交换机功能?

    功能:将接收到的数据包传送给所有端口。

  • 控制器设定交换机支持什么版本的OpenFlow?

    OpenFlow v1.0

  • 控制器设定了交换机如何处理数据包?

@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dp = msg.datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser
        
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)]
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=msg.in_port,
            actions=actions)
        dp.send_msg(out)

如上方代码所示,新方法'packet_in_handler'已添加到L2Switch类。当Ryu收到OpenFlow packet_in消息时,将调用此方法。诀窍是“ set_ev_cls”装饰器。该装饰器告诉Ryu何时应调用装饰的函数。装饰器的第一个参数指示应调用此函数的事件类型;第二个参数指示开关的状态。
在packet_in_handler函数的前半部分:

  • ev.msg是表示packet_in数据结构的对象;
  • msg.dp是代表数据路径(开关)的对象;
  • dp.ofproto和dp.ofproto_parser是代表Ryu和交换机协商的OpenFlow协议的对象;

在packet_in_handler函数的后半部分:

  • OFPActionOutput类与packet_out消息一起使用,以指定要从中发送数据包的交换机端口。该应用程序使用OFPP_FLOOD标志来指示应在所有端口上发送数据包;
  • OFPPacketOut类用于构建packet_out消息;
  • 如果使用OpenFlow消息类对象调用Datapath类的send_msg方法,则Ryu会生成联机数据格式并将其发送到交换机。

2.根据官方教程和提供的示例代码(SimpleSwitch.py),将具有自学习功能的交换机代码(SelfLearning.py)补充完整

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_0

from ryu.lib.mac import haddr_to_bin
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types


class SimpleSwitch(app_manager.RyuApp):
	# TODO define OpenFlow 1.0 version for the switch
	# add your code here
	OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION]

	def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
		super(SimpleSwitch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
		self.mac_to_port = {}
    
    
	def add_flow(self, datapath, in_port, dst, src, actions):
		ofproto = datapath.ofproto

		match = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPMatch(
            in_port=in_port,
            dl_dst=haddr_to_bin(dst), dl_src=haddr_to_bin(src))

		mod = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPFlowMod(
            datapath=datapath, match=match, cookie=0,
            command=ofproto.OFPFC_ADD, idle_timeout=0, hard_timeout=0,
            priority=ofproto.OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
            flags=ofproto.OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM, actions=actions)
		# TODO send modified message out
		# add your code here
		datapath.send_msg(mod)

	@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
	def _packet_in_handler(self, ev):
		msg = ev.msg
		datapath = msg.datapath
		ofproto = datapath.ofproto

		pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
		eth = pkt.get_protocol(ethernet.ethernet)

		if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP:
			# ignore lldp packet
			return
		if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_IPV6:
			# ignore ipv6 packet
			return       
		
		dst = eth.dst
		src = eth.src
		dpid = datapath.id
		self.mac_to_port.setdefault(dpid, {})

		self.logger.info("packet in DPID:%s MAC_SRC:%s MAC_DST:%s IN_PORT:%s", dpid, src, dst, msg.in_port)

		# learn a mac address to avoid FLOOD next time.
		self.mac_to_port[dpid][src] = msg.in_port

		if dst in self.mac_to_port[dpid]:
			out_port = self.mac_to_port[dpid][dst]
		else:
			out_port = ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

		# TODO define the action for output
		# add your code here
		actions = [datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]

        # install a flow to avoid packet_in next time
		if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
			self.logger.info("add flow s:DPID:%s Match:[ MAC_SRC:%s MAC_DST:%s IN_PORT:%s ], Action:[OUT_PUT:%s] ", dpid, src, dst, msg.in_port, out_port)
			self.add_flow(datapath, msg.in_port, dst, src, actions)

		data = None
		if msg.buffer_id == ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
			data = msg.data
        

		# TODO define the OpenFlow Packet Out
		# add your code here
		out = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPPacketOut(
      datapath=datapath, 
      buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, 
      in_port=msg.in_port,
      actions=actions, data=data)
  datapath.send_msg(out)

	print ("PACKET_OUT...")

3.在mininet创建一个最简拓扑,并连接RYU控制器

python代码

from mininet.topo import Topo

class MyTopo(Topo):

    def __init__(self):

        # initilaize topology
        Topo.__init__(self)

        # add hosts and switches
        h1 = self.addHost('h1')
        h2 = self.addHost('h2')

        s1 = self.addSwitch('s1')

        # add links
        self.addLink(h1, s1, 1, 1)
        self.addLink(h2, s1, 1, 2)
        
topos = {'mytopo': (lambda: MyTopo())}

命令行运行

4.验证自学习交换机的功能,提交分析过程和验证结果

未连接ryu控制器,不能ping通

连接ryu控制器
命令ryu-manager SelfLearning.py
下发流表及验证连通性

5.写下你的实验体会

首先是ryu控制器的安装,感谢之前同学提出和群里的解答,减少了安装的错误;其次是最开始没有对ryu控制器了解,在连接控制器时频频出错;最后是尝试wireshark抓包时,由于之前没有提前打开,抓包失败;大致了解到ryu是基于组件的软件定义的网络框架,通过ryu可以轻松创建新的网络管理和控制应用程序,并且ryu还支持各种协议来管理网络设备,功能十分强大;感觉每一次的实验总是坎坎坷坷,希望在之后的学习中继续进步。