Git-常用命令
前言：Git常用命令
| 命令名称 | 作用 | 备注 |
| git config --global user.name Eva | 设置用户签名 | 签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份。用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到，以此确认本次提交是谁做的。Git首次安装必须设置一下用户签名，否则无法提交代码。 |
| git config --global user.email Eva@atguigu.com | 设置用户签名 | |
| git init | 初始化本地库 | |
| git status | 查看本地库状态 | |
| git add 文件名 | 添加到暂存区 | |
| git commit -m "日志信息“ 文件名 | 提交到本地库 | |
| git reflog | 查看历史记录 | |
| git reset --hard 版本号 | 版本穿梭 |
1、设置用户签名
2、初始化本地库
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo
2 $ git init
3 Initialized empty Git repository in D:/J/Git-Space/git-demo/.git/
4
5 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
6 $ ll
7 total 0
8
9 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
10 $ ll -a
11 total 4
12 drwxr-xr-x 1 wupiao 197121 0 May 24 15:38 ./
13 drwxr-xr-x 1 wupiao 197121 0 May 24 15:36 ../
14 drwxr-xr-x 1 wupiao 197121 0 May 24 15:38 .git/
3、查看本地库状态
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ git status
3 On branch master
4
5 No commits yet
6
7 nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
8
9 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
10 $ vim hello.txt
11
12 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
13 $ ll
14 total 1
15 -rw-r--r-- 1 wupiao 197121 15 May 24 15:51 hello.txt
16
17 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
18 $ cat hello.txt
19 hello world!!!
20
21 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
22 $ tail -n 1 hello.txt
23 hello world!!!
24
25 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
26 $ git status
27 On branch master
28
29 No commits yet
30
31 Untracked files:
32 (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
33 hello.txt
34
35 nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
4、添加暂存区（将工作区的文件添加到暂存区、查看状态（检测到暂存区有新文件））
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ git add hello.txt
3 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
4 The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
5
6 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
7 $ git status
8 On branch master
9
10 No commits yet
11
12 Changes to be committed:
13 (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
14 new file: hello.txt
15
16
17 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
18 $ git rm --cached hello.txt
19 rm 'hello.txt'
20
21 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
22 $ git status
23 On branch master
24
25 No commits yet
26
27 Untracked files:
28 (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
29 hello.txt
30
31 nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
32
33 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
34 $ ll
35 total 1
36 -rw-r--r-- 1 wupiao 197121 15 May 24 15:51 hello.txt
5、提交本地库（将暂存区的文件提交到本地库、查看状态）
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ git commit -m "my first commit" hello.txt
3 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
4 The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
5 [master (root-commit) 55a63a7] my first commit
6 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
7 create mode 100644 hello.txt
8
9 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
10 $ git status
11 On branch master
12 nothing to commit, working tree clean
13
14 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
15 $ git reflog
16 55a63a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): my first commit
17
18 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
19 $ git log
20 commit 55a63a72a6606a85fb6846714378ece3d9fb6367 (HEAD -> master)
21 Author: Eva <Eva@atguigu.com>
22 Date: Tue May 24 16:21:21 2022 +0800
23
24 my first commit
6、修改文件
查看状态（检测到工作区有文件本修改）
将修改的文件再次添加到暂存区
查看状态（工作区的修改添加到了暂存区
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ vim hello.txt
3
4 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
5 $ cat hello.txt
6 hello world!!! 2222222222
7
8
9 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
10 $ git status
11 On branch master
12 Changes not staged for commit:
13 (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
14 (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
15 modified: hello.txt
16
17 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
18
19 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
20 $ git add hello.txt
21 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
22 The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
23
24 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
25 $ git status
26 On branch master
27 Changes to be committed:
28 (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
29 modified: hello.txt
30
31
32 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
33 $ git commit -m "second commit" hello.txt
34 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
35 The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
36 [master 8ad410a] second commit
37 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
38
39 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
40 $ git status
41 On branch master
42 nothing to commit, working tree clean
43
44 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
45 $ git reflog
46 8ad410a (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: second commit
47 55a63a7 HEAD@{1}: commit (initial): my first commit
7、历史版本
查看历史版本：
git reflog：查看版本信息
git log：查看版本详细信息
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ git reflog
3 8ad410a (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: second commit
4 55a63a7 HEAD@{1}: commit (initial): my first commit
5
6 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
7 $ git log
8 commit 8ad410a814ae1990f8797a65dd3f221ff834f063 (HEAD -> master)
9 Author: Eva <Eva@atguigu.com>
10 Date: Tue May 24 17:23:37 2022 +0800
11
12 second commit
13
14 commit 55a63a72a6606a85fb6846714378ece3d9fb6367
15 Author: Eva <Eva@atguigu.com>
16 Date: Tue May 24 16:21:21 2022 +0800
17
18 my first commit
版本穿梭：Git切换版本，底层其实是移动的“HEAD->master->版本”指针。
1 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
2 $ git reflog
3 55a63a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 55a63a7
4 8ad410a HEAD@{1}: commit: second commit
5 55a63a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit
6
7 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
8 $ cat hello.txt
9 hello world!!!
10
11 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
12 $ git reset --hard 8ad410a
13 HEAD is now at 8ad410a second commit
14
15 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
16 $ git reflog
17 8ad410a (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 8ad410a
18 55a63a7 HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to 55a63a7
19 8ad410a (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit: second commit
20 55a63a7 HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): my first commit
21
22 wupiao@LAPTOP-OLH8VBNI MINGW64 /d/J/Git-Space/git-demo (master)
23 $ cat hello.txt
24 hello world!!! 2222222222
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