实验1
任务1
1.源代码task1.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
void test1();
void test2();
void test3();
int main() {
std::cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
std::cout << "\n测试3: \n";
test3();
}
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i : c)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
void test1() {
using namespace std;
string s0{"0123456789"};
cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;
string s1(s0);
// 反转s1自身
reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());
cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
string s2(s0.size(), ' ');
reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin());
cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}
void test2() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
void test3() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
rotate(v1.begin(),v1.begin()+1,v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
vector<int> v3{v0};
rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
cout << "v3: "; output(v3);
vector<int> v4{v0};
rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
cout << "v4: "; output(v4);
}
2.运行截图
![task1]()
3.问题回答
- 问题1:reverse主要是原地反转,直接改变当前这个容器;reverse_copy是拷贝反转,不改变原容器,把反转后的结果保存给新容器
- 问题2:rotate(first,middle,last),如果中间的middle参数是+n,那么整体左移n位,开头n位移至最后,如果是-n,那么整体右移n位。first和last划定要移动的数据范围,middle决定左移还是右移、移几位。
任务2
1.源代码task2.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
int generate_random_number();
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::srand(std::time(0));
std::cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
}
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i: c)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
int generate_random_number() {
return std::rand() % 101;
}
void test1() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1);
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
void test2() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
auto min_iter = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
auto max_iter = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *min_iter << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *max_iter << endl;
auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0.0) / v0.size();
cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
sort(v0.begin(), v0.end());
double avg2 = accumulate(v0.begin()+1, v0.end()-1, 0.0) / (v0.size()-2);
cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}
2.运行截图
![task2]()
3.问题回答
- 问题1:generate的作用:遍历整个迭代器区间内的元素,并且将generate_random_number返回的随机数赋值给v0
- 问题2:minmax_element能够同时找到最大值和最小值,只需要遍历一次区间,分别调用的话得各自遍历一次,效率较低。
- 问题3:lambda表达式指匿名函数,定义了一个没有参数、返回std::rand()%101的函数对象。[]是捕获列表,作用是可以让lambda表达式可以访问其外部作用域中的局部变量,比如可以捕获一个最大值,规定随机数赋值的最大值。()即参数列表。
适用场景:一次性、局部使用的函数,用完即弃,且本身逻辑比较简单,写起来不复杂。或者需要捕获外部变量的时候。
任务3
1.源代码task3.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
unsigned char func(unsigned char c);
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::cout << "测试1: 字符串大小写转换\n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: 字符变换\n";
test2();
}
unsigned char func(unsigned char c) {
if(c == 'z')
return 'a';
if(c == 'Z')
return 'A';
if(std::isalpha(c))
return static_cast<unsigned char>(c+1);
return c;
}
void test1() {
std::string s1{"Hello World 2049!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2;
for(auto c: s1)
s2 += std::tolower(c);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
std::string s3;
for(auto c: s1)
s3 += std::toupper(c);
std::cout << "s3 = " << s3 << '\n';
}
void test2() {
std::string s1{"I love cosmos!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2(s1.size(), ' ');
std::transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
s2.begin(),
func);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
}
2.运行截图
![task3]()
3.问题回答
- 问题1:func功能是变换字符,每个字符按字母顺序递增一位
- 问题2:tolower功能是将大写字母转换为小写字母(如果本身就是小写则原样返回);tolower功能是将小写字母转换为大写字母。
- 问题3:transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),s2.begin(),func)第一个参数是源区间起始迭代器,第二个是源区间结束迭代器,第三个是目标区间起始迭代器,第四个是操作函数,对源区间内取出的元素做这样的操作再放入目标区间。
区别:原来是把结果放到s2里面,现在是直接原地覆盖原来s1的值。
任务4
1.源代码task4.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s);
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s);
int main() {
using namespace std;
string s;
// 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z结束测试
while(cin >> s) {
cout << boolalpha
<< "区分大小写: " << is_palindrome(s) << "\n"
<< "不区分大小写: " << is_palindrome_ignore_case(s) << "\n\n";
}
}
// 函数is_palindrome定义
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s)
{
return std::equal(s.begin(),s.begin()+s.size()/2,s.rbegin());
}
// 函数is_palindrome_ignore_case定义
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s)
{
std::string s2;
for(auto c:s)
{
s2+=tolower(c);
}
return std::equal(s2.begin(),s2.begin()+s2.size()/2,s2.rbegin());
}
2.运行截图
![task4]()
任务5
1.源代码task5.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);
int main() {
int x;
while(std::cin >> x) {
std::cout << "十进制: " << x << '\n'
<< "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << '\n'
<< "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << '\n'
<< "十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 12) << '\n'
<< "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << '\n'
<< "三十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 32) << "\n\n";
}
}
// 函数dec2n定义
std::string dec2n(int x,int n)
{
std::string res="";
if(x==0)
return "0";
while(x>0)
{
int reminder=x%n;
if(reminder<10)
res+=(reminder+'0');
if(reminder>=10)
res+=(reminder-10+'A');
x/=n;
}
return std::string(res.rbegin(),res.rend());
}
2.运行截图
![task5]()
任务6
1.源代码task6.cpp
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#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>
int main()
{
std::cout << " ";
for(char c='a';c<='z';c++)
std::cout << std::left << std::setw(2) << c;
std::cout << '\n';
for(int i=1;i<=26;i++)
{
if(i<=9)
std::cout << std::right <<std::setw(2) << i <<" ";
else
std::cout << std::left <<std::setw(2) << i <<" ";
for(int j=0;j<26;j++)
{
char c='A'+(i+j)%26;
std::cout << std::left << std::setw(2) << c;
}
std::cout <<'\n';
}
return 0;
}
2.运行截图
![task6]()
任务7
1.源代码task7.cpp
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#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<utility>
#include<ctime>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int correct_number=0;
int correct_answer=0;
int user_answer=0;
srand(time(0));
int a,b;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
int op=rand()%4;
if(op==0)
{
a=rand()%10+1;
b=rand()%10+1;
correct_answer=a+b;
}
else if(op==1)
{
a=rand()%10+1;
b=rand()%10+1;
if(a<b)
swap(a,b);
correct_answer=a-b;
}
else if(op==2)
{
a=rand()%10+1;
b=rand()%10+1;
correct_answer=a*b;
}
else
{
b=rand()%10+1;
a=b*(rand()%(10/b)+1);
correct_answer=a/b;
}
char op_char;
if(op==0)
op_char='+';
else if(op==1)
op_char='-';
else if(op==2)
op_char='*';
else if(op==3)
op_char='/';
cout << a << op_char << b << "=";
cin >> user_answer;
if(user_answer==correct_answer)
correct_number++;
}
double accuracy=static_cast<double>(correct_number)/10*100.0;
cout << "正确率:" << fixed << setprecision(2) << accuracy << "%" << endl;
return 0;
}
2.运行截图
![task7]()