实验1

实验1

任务1

1.源代码task1.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

void test1();
void test2();
void test3();

int main() {
    std::cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();

    std::cout << "\n测试3: \n";
    test3();
}

template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i : c)
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    string s0{"0123456789"};
    cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;

    string s1(s0);
    // 反转s1自身
    reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());  
    cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;

    string s2(s0.size(), ' ');
    reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); 
    cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}

void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}

void test3() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    rotate(v1.begin(),v1.begin()+1,v1.end());  
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0}; 
    rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());  
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);

    vector<int> v3{v0};
    rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 
    cout << "v3: "; output(v3);

    vector<int> v4{v0};
    rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 
    cout << "v4: "; output(v4);
}

2.运行截图

task1

3.问题回答

  • 问题1:reverse主要是原地反转,直接改变当前这个容器;reverse_copy是拷贝反转,不改变原容器,把反转后的结果保存给新容器
  • 问题2:rotate(first,middle,last),如果中间的middle参数是+n,那么整体左移n位,开头n位移至最后,如果是-n,那么整体右移n位。first和last划定要移动的数据范围,middle决定左移还是右移、移几位。

任务2

1.源代码task2.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);

int generate_random_number();
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    std::srand(std::time(0));
    std::cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();
}
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
    for(auto &i: c)
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}
int generate_random_number() {
    return std::rand() % 101;
}
void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0(10);
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    vector<int> v1{v0};
    sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    cout << "v1: "; output(v1);

    vector<int> v2{v0};
    sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1);
    cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<int> v0(10);  
    generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number); 
    cout << "v0: "; output(v0);

    auto min_iter = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    auto max_iter = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *min_iter << endl;
    cout << "最大值: " << *max_iter << endl;

    auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
    cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
    double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0.0) / v0.size();
    cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;

    sort(v0.begin(), v0.end());
    double avg2 = accumulate(v0.begin()+1, v0.end()-1, 0.0) / (v0.size()-2);
    cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}

2.运行截图

task2

3.问题回答

  • 问题1:generate的作用:遍历整个迭代器区间内的元素,并且将generate_random_number返回的随机数赋值给v0
  • 问题2:minmax_element能够同时找到最大值和最小值,只需要遍历一次区间,分别调用的话得各自遍历一次,效率较低。
  • 问题3:lambda表达式指匿名函数,定义了一个没有参数、返回std::rand()%101的函数对象。[]是捕获列表,作用是可以让lambda表达式可以访问其外部作用域中的局部变量,比如可以捕获一个最大值,规定随机数赋值的最大值。()即参数列表。
    适用场景:一次性、局部使用的函数,用完即弃,且本身逻辑比较简单,写起来不复杂。或者需要捕获外部变量的时候。

任务3

1.源代码task3.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>

unsigned char func(unsigned char c);
void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    std::cout << "测试1: 字符串大小写转换\n";
    test1();

    std::cout << "\n测试2: 字符变换\n";
    test2();
}

unsigned char func(unsigned char c) {
    if(c == 'z')
        return 'a';
    
    if(c == 'Z')
        return 'A';
    
    if(std::isalpha(c))
        return static_cast<unsigned char>(c+1);
    
    return c;
}

void test1() {
    std::string s1{"Hello World 2049!"};
    std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';

    std::string s2;
    for(auto c: s1)
        s2 += std::tolower(c);
    std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n'; 

    std::string s3;
    for(auto c: s1)
        s3 += std::toupper(c);
    std::cout << "s3 = " << s3 << '\n'; 
}

void test2() {
    std::string s1{"I love cosmos!"};
    std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
    
    std::string s2(s1.size(), ' ');
    std::transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
                   s2.begin(),
                   func);
    std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
}

2.运行截图

task3

3.问题回答

  • 问题1:func功能是变换字符,每个字符按字母顺序递增一位
  • 问题2:tolower功能是将大写字母转换为小写字母(如果本身就是小写则原样返回);tolower功能是将小写字母转换为大写字母。
  • 问题3:transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),s2.begin(),func)第一个参数是源区间起始迭代器,第二个是源区间结束迭代器,第三个是目标区间起始迭代器,第四个是操作函数,对源区间内取出的元素做这样的操作再放入目标区间。
    区别:原来是把结果放到s2里面,现在是直接原地覆盖原来s1的值。

任务4

1.源代码task4.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s);
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s);

int main() {
   using namespace std;
    string s;

    // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z结束测试
    while(cin >> s) {
        cout << boolalpha 
             << "区分大小写: " << is_palindrome(s) << "\n"
             << "不区分大小写: " << is_palindrome_ignore_case(s) << "\n\n";
    }     
}


// 函数is_palindrome定义
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s)
{
	return std::equal(s.begin(),s.begin()+s.size()/2,s.rbegin());
}


// 函数is_palindrome_ignore_case定义
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s)
{
	std::string s2;
	for(auto c:s)
	{
		s2+=tolower(c);
	}
	return std::equal(s2.begin(),s2.begin()+s2.size()/2,s2.rbegin());
}

2.运行截图

task4

任务5

1.源代码task5.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);

int main() {
    int x;
    while(std::cin >> x) {
        std::cout << "十进制: " << x << '\n'
                  << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << '\n'
                  << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << '\n'
                  << "十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 12) << '\n'
                  << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << '\n'
                  << "三十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 32) << "\n\n"; 
    }
}

// 函数dec2n定义
std::string dec2n(int x,int n)
{
	std::string res="";
	if(x==0)
		return "0";
	while(x>0)
	{
		int reminder=x%n;
		if(reminder<10)
			res+=(reminder+'0');
		if(reminder>=10)
			res+=(reminder-10+'A');
		x/=n;
	}
	return std::string(res.rbegin(),res.rend());
} 

2.运行截图

task5

任务6

1.源代码task6.cpp

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#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>

int main()
{
	std::cout << "   ";
	for(char c='a';c<='z';c++)
		std::cout << std::left << std::setw(2) << c;
	std::cout << '\n'; 
	
	for(int i=1;i<=26;i++)
	{
		if(i<=9)
			std::cout << std::right <<std::setw(2) << i <<" ";
		else
			std::cout << std::left <<std::setw(2) << i <<" ";
		for(int j=0;j<26;j++)
		{
			char c='A'+(i+j)%26;
			std::cout << std::left << std::setw(2) << c;
		}
		std::cout <<'\n';
	}
	return 0;
} 

2.运行截图

task6

任务7

1.源代码task7.cpp

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#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<utility>
#include<ctime>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int correct_number=0;
	int correct_answer=0;
	int user_answer=0;
	
	srand(time(0));
	
	int a,b;

	
	for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		int op=rand()%4;
		if(op==0)
		{
			a=rand()%10+1;
			b=rand()%10+1;
			correct_answer=a+b;
		}
		else if(op==1)
		{
			a=rand()%10+1;
			b=rand()%10+1;
			if(a<b)
				swap(a,b);
			correct_answer=a-b;
		}
		else if(op==2)
		{
			a=rand()%10+1;
			b=rand()%10+1;
			correct_answer=a*b;
		}
		else
		{
			b=rand()%10+1;
			a=b*(rand()%(10/b)+1);
			correct_answer=a/b;
		}
	
	
	char op_char;
	if(op==0)
		op_char='+';
	else if(op==1)
		op_char='-';
	else if(op==2)
		op_char='*';
	else if(op==3)
		op_char='/';
		
	cout << a << op_char << b << "=";
	cin >> user_answer;
	
	if(user_answer==correct_answer)
		correct_number++;
	}
	
	double accuracy=static_cast<double>(correct_number)/10*100.0;
	
	cout << "正确率:" << fixed << setprecision(2) << accuracy << "%" << endl;
	
	return 0;
} 

2.运行截图

task7

posted @ 2026-10-21 12:00  wu_ly  阅读(4)  评论(0)    收藏  举报