Linux yum命令

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linux yum 命令

yum （yellow dog Updater，Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。

基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无需繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

yum 提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简介而又好记。

yum语法

yum [options] [command] [package …]

options ：可选，选项包括 -h（帮助）、-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为“yes”）、-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
command：要进行的操作
package：操作的对象

yum常用命令

1.列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
2.更新所有软件命令：yum update
3.仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install <package_name>
4.仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update <package_name>
5.列出所有可安装的软件清单命令：yum list
6.删除软件包命令：yum remove <package_name>
7.查找软件包命令：yum search <keyword>
8.清除缓存命令：
- yum clean packages：清除缓存目录下的软件包
- yum clean headers：清除缓存目录下的headers
- yum clean oldheaders：清除缓存目录下旧的headers
- yum clean，yum clean all（=yum clean packages；yum clean oldheaders）：清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers

实例1

安装 pam-devel

yum install pam-devel
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies  <==先检查软件的属性相依问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 1.6 MB    00:05
filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 138 kB    00:00
-> Finished Dependency Resolution
……(省略)

实例2

移除 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies  <==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
 Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
 pam-devel               i386       0.99.6.2-4.el5   installed         495 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      0 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       1 Package(s)  <==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing   : pam-devel                    ######################### [1/1]

Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
Complete!

实例3

利用yum的功能，找出一下pam为开头的软件名称有哪些？

[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
Installed Packages
pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-3.27.el5      installed
pam_ccreds.i386           3-5                    installed
pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-1               installed
pam_passwdqc.i386         1.0.2-1.2.2            installed
pam_pkcs11.i386           0.5.3-23               installed
pam_smb.i386              1.1.7-7.2.1            installed
Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
pam-devel.i386            0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-10              base

国内yum源

网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。

将yum源设置为163yum，并提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。

安装步骤

首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

下载对应版本的repo文件，放入/etc/yum.repos.d/（操作前请做好备份）

下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份)

http://mirrors.163.com/.help/

CentOS5 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
CentOS6 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
CentOS7 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# yum install wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-15.el7_4.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
wget x86_64 1.14-15.el7_4.1 base 547 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 547 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
wget-1.14-15.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm | 547 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : wget-1.14-15.el7_4.1.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : wget-1.14-15.el7_4.1.x86_64 1/1

Installed:
wget.x86_64 0:1.14-15.el7_4.1

Complete!

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
--2018-09-29 04:23:32--  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’

100%[==============================================>] 1,572       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2018-09-29 04:23:32 (398 MB/s) - ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1572 Nov 30  2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Sep 29 04:17 CentOS-Base.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4768 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf CentOS-Base.repo
[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# ll
total 36
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1572 Nov 30 2016 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Sep 29 04:17 CentOS-Base.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4768 Aug 13 10:34 CentOS-Vault.repo

运行一下命令生成缓存

[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all  <==清除缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache  <==生成缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                          | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                   | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/12): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 5.9 MB  00:00:06     
(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta                              |  84 kB  00:00:00     
(4/12): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                               | 6.9 MB  00:00:08     
(5/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                             | 596 kB  00:00:01     
(6/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                 | 120 kB  00:00:00     
(7/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                               | 187 kB  00:00:00     
(8/12): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta                             | 648 kB  00:00:01     
(9/12): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                   | 2.5 MB  00:00:03     
(10/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                           | 3.2 MB  00:00:04     
(11/12): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                               | 573 kB  00:00:00     
(12/12): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                             | 6.0 MB  00:00:05     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@centos0921 yum.repos.d]#

除网易之外国内还有其他不错的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐，还有阿里

中科大的 yum 源，安装方法查看：https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos

sohu 的 yum 源安装方法查看: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html

阿里的yum源安装方法查看 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

Linux 常见命令：http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-command-manual.html

posted @ 2018-09-29 16:43 生活太多无奈阅读(275) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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