Linux shell 知识心得03 流程控制if判断+case语句

流程控制之if判断

一:单分支if

语法

if 条件;then
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
fi

# 上述语法可以用一行代码代替
[ 条件信息 ] && xxx

示例

[root@simon test]# cat disk_monitor.sh 
#!/usr/bin/env bash

disk_use=$(df -P |grep '/$' |awk '{print $5}' |awk -F% '{print $1}')
if [ $disk_use -gt 10 ];then
    echo "warning:Not enough hard disk space"
fi
[root@simon test]# . disk_monitor.sh 
warning:Not enough hard disk space

注意:if 测试中还可以执行命令 根据命令的返回值做判断

[root@simon ~]# if cd / ;then echo Y ;fi
Y
[root@simon /]# if grep -q root /etc/passwd ;then echo Y ;fi
Y

二:双分支if

语法

if 条件;then
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
else
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
fi

# 上述语法可以用一行代码代替
[ 条件信息 ] && xxx || xxxx

示例

#!/bin/bash
username='simon'
password='123'
read -p 'user: ' name 
read -p 'passwd: ' passwd

if [ $name = $username -a $passwd = $password ];then
    echo 'login successful'
else
    echo 'username or password err'
fi

三:多分支if

语法:

if 条件;then
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
elif 条件;then
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
elif 条件;then
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
...
else
    要执行的命令1
 	要执行的命令2
    要执行的命令3
    ...
fi

示例1:猜年龄

======================版本1======================
#!/bin/bash
age=87
read -p 'num: ' n

if [ $n -eq $age ];then
    echo 'you get it'
elif [ $n -gt $age ];then
    echo 'too big'
elif [ $n -lt $age ];then
    echo 'too small'
fi

======================版本2======================
#!/bin/bash

read -p ">>> " num

[[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "请输入数字" && exit

if [ $num -gt 18 ];then
    echo "too big"
elif [ $num -lt 18 ];then
    echo "too small"
else
    echo "you got it"
fi

示例2:查询成绩

======================版本1======================
#!/bin/bash
read -p 'your score: ' score

if [ $score -ge 90  ];then
    echo '优秀'
elif [ $score -ge 70 -a $score -lt 90 ];then
    echo '良好'
elif [ $score -ge 60 -a $score -lt 70 ];then
    echo '一般'
elif [ $score -lt 60 ];then
    echo '较差'
fi

======================版本2======================
#!/bin/bash

read -p "your score>>> " score

[[ ! $score =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "请输入数字" && exit

if [ $score -ge 90 ];then
    echo "优秀"
elif [ $score -ge 70 ];then
    echo "良好"
elif [ $score -ge 60 ];then
    echo "一般"
else
    echo "较差"
fi

示例3:判断是否是数字

read -p "请输入一个数值: " numwhile :do        if [[ $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then                break        else                read -p "不是数字,请重新输入数值: " num        fidoneecho "你输入的数字是: $num"

四 练习

1、编写脚本,命令行传入一个文件路径,判断文件的类型

[root@localhost ~]# cat test_file.sh #!/bin/bashif [ -d $1 ]    then        echo "$1 is directory"elif [ -b $1 ]    then        echo "$1 is block"elif [ -f $1 ]    then        echo "$1 is regular file"else        echo 'unknown'fi[root@localhost ~]# ./test_file.sh /etc/passwd/etc/passwd is regular file

2、检测指定的主机是否可以ping通,必须使用$1变量

[root@simon test]# cat ping.sh #!/bin/bashping -c2 $1 &>/dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ];then    echo "ok"else    echo "down"fi[root@simon test]# chmod +x ping.sh [root@simon test]# ./ping.sh 10.10.0.1down[root@simon test]# 

3、判断一个用户是否存在

[root@simon test]# cat check_user.sh #!/bin/bashid $1 &> /dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ];then    echo "user $1 exists"else    echo "user $1 not exists"fi[root@simon test]# chmod +x check_user.sh [root@simon test]# ./check_user.sh simonuser simon exists[root@simon test]# ./check_user.sh xxuser xx not exists

4、检测httpd软件是否安装,没有的话则安装

[root@simon test]# cat check_httpd.sh#!/bin/bashrpm -q httpd &>/dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ];then    echo "已经安装"else    echo "正在安装..."    yum install httpd -y &>/dev/nullfi

5、判断80端口的状态,未开启则重启

[root@simon test]# cat check_port.sh #!/bin/bashnetstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep '\b80\b' &>/dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ];then    echo "80端口ok"else     echo "80端口down"    echo "正在重启..."    systemctl restart httpd &> /dev/null    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then        echo "重启成功"    else        echo "重启失败"    fifi

6、编写监控脚本,如果
根分区剩余空间小于10%
内存的可用空间小于30%
向用户simon发送告警邮件,邮件的内容包含使用率相关信息

答案

[root@simon test]# cat monitor.sh #!/bin/bash#! /bin/bash# 提取根分区剩余空间use_disk=`df / | grep / | awk '{print $5}'`use_percent=`echo $use_disk|cut -d% -f1`# 提取内存剩余空间avail_mem=`free | awk 'NR==2{print $NF}'`total_mem=`free | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'`avail_percent=`echo "scale=2;$avail_mem/$total_mem"|bc | cut -d. -f2`# 注意 磁盘提取的数值单位为 kb、 内存提取的单位为 Mbif [ $use_percent -gt 90 ];then     echo "邮件内容:根分区已经使用为${user_disk}低于10%,请及时处理!!!" | mail -s "硬盘报警邮件" rootfiif [ $avail_percent -lt 30 ];then     echo "邮件内容:内存剩余${free_percent}%,低于30%" | mail -s "内存报警邮件" xxx@163.comfi

测试:

# 查看163邮箱# [root@simon test]# cat /var/spool/mail/root 

mailx配置

[root@simon ~]# yum install mailx -y[root@simon ~]# cat /etc/mail.rcset from=378533872@qq.com set smtp=smtps://smtp.qq.com:465set smtp-auth-user=378533872@qq.comset smtp-auth-password="xxxxxxxxxx"set smtp-auth=loginset ssl-verify=ignoreset nss-config-dir=/etc/pki/nssdb/

解释

set from:设置发件人set smtp:设置外部STMP服务器set smtp-auth-user:设置STMP用户名(一般为完整邮箱地址)set smtp-auth-password:设置SMTP密码,需要登录378533872@qq.com在设置->账户->开启POP3/SMTP服务->获取密码

测试

[root@simon ~]# echo "卧槽" | mail -s "报警邮件" 18611453110@163.com[root@simon ~]# Error in certificate: Peer's certificate issuer has been marked as not trusted by the.

上述报错的解决方式为,依次执行下述命令

mkdir -p /root/.certs/echo -n | openssl s_client -connect smtp.qq.com:465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ~/.certs/qq.crtcertutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/qq.crtcertutil -A -n "GeoTrust Global CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/qq.crtcertutil -L -d /root/.certscd /root/.certscertutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA - G3" -t "Pu,Pu,Pu" -d ./ -i qq.crt# 最后出现这句就可以了Notice: Trust flag u is set automatically if the private key is present.# 重新修改配置文件的最后一行[root@simon ~]# cat /etc/mail.rcset from=378533872@qq.com set smtp=smtps://smtp.qq.com:465set smtp-auth-user=378533872@qq.comset smtp-auth-password="xxxxxxxxxx"set smtp-auth=loginset ssl-verify=ignore# set nss-config-dir=/etc/pki/nssdb/  # 改为下面一行set nss-config-dir=/root/.certs# 然后重新测试邮件发送即可

7、根据操作系统不同进行yum源优化 centos6 centos7 centos8

[root@simon shell]# cat check_yum.sh #!/bin/bashmv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup &>/dev/nullvar=$(awk '{print $(NF-1)}' /etc/redhat-release)os_version=`echo ${var%%.*}`if [ $os_version -eq 7 ];then    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo &>/dev/nullelif [ $os_version -eq 6 ];then    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo &>/dev/nullelif [ $os_version -eq 5 ];then    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo &>/dev/nullelse    echo "请检查确认系统版本信息"fi

流程控制之case语句

一 语法

case 变量 in
模式1)
	命令序列1
	;;
模式2)
	命令序列2
	;;
模式3)
	命令序列3
	;;
*)
	无匹配后命令序列
esac

二 案例

案例1

#!/bin/bash
read -p "username: " -t 5 username
echo
if [ -z $username ];then
    username="default"
fi

case $username in
root)
    echo "管理员用户"
    ;;
simon)
    echo "普通用户"
    ;;
default)
    echo "默认用户"
    ;;
*)
    echo "其他用户"
esac

案例2:编写nginx启动脚本

[root@simon shell]# cat nginx_stat.sh 
#!/bin/bash

. /etc/init.d/functions
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
   then
      echo "USAGE $0 {start|stop|restart}"
      exit 1
fi


if [ "$1" == "start" ]
   then 
      action "start nginx" /bin/true
elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
   then
      action "stop nginx" /bin/true
elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
   then
      action "restart nginx" /bin/true
else
      echo "USAGE $0 {start|stop|restart}"
      exit 1
fi
    
[root@simon shell]# chmod +x nginx_stat.sh 
[root@simon shell]# ./nginx_stat.sh start
start nginx                                                [  确定  ]
[root@simon shell]# ./nginx_stat.sh restart
restart nginx                                              [  确定  ]
[root@simon shell]# ./nginx_stat.sh 
USAGE ./nginx_stat.sh {start|stop|restart}

案例3:编写nginx启动脚本

# 储备知识1
netstat -lntup|grep  ":80\b"  # \b锚定单词的结尾

# 储备知识2
action:打印一段信息并执行给定的命令,然后根据给定命令的执行的结果来调用 success,failure方法,确定最终显示的内容
 
[root@simon shell]# action "nginx start is" :
nginx start is                                             [  确定  ]
[root@simon shell]# action "nginx start is" /bin/true
nginx start is                                             [  确定  ]
[root@simon shell]# action "nginx start is" /bin/false
nginx start is                                             [失败]


# 代码
[root@simon shell]# cat nginx_stat.sh 
#!/bin/bash

. /etc/init.d/functions
args=$1

fun(){
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && action "Nginx $args is " /bin/true  || echo "Nginx $args is " /bin/false 
}

case $1 in
   start)
       netstat -an | grep -i Listen | grep -q "\b80\b"
       if [ $? -eq 0 ]
       then 
          echo "Nginx is runing..."
       else
           /usr/sbin/nginx
           fun
       fi
       ;;
   stop)
       /usr/sbin/nginx -s stop
       fun
       ;;
   reload)
       /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
       fun
       ;;
  restart)
       netstat -lntup|grep  ":80\b" &>/dev/null
       if [ $? -ne 0 ]
       then
          /usr/sbin/nginx
          [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Nginx start is ok" || echo "Nginx start is failed"
       else
          /usr/sbin/nginx -s stop                             
          [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Nginx stop is ok" || echo "Nginx stop is failed"
          sleep 2
          /usr/sbin/nginx 
          fun 
       fi
       ;;
   status)
       netstat -lntup|grep  ":80\b" &>/dev/null
       if [ $? -eq 0 ]
       then
          echo "Nginx is runing ..."
       else
          echo "Nginx is not runing ..."
       fi
       ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload}"
        exit 2
esac

案例4:编写一个简易跳板机脚本

# 储备知识
Linux中断信号区别为:键入不同、对应操作不同、启用不同。

1、HUP中断信号:HUP中断信号的对应操作为让进程挂起,睡眠。同<Ctrl+X>

2、INT中断信号:INT中断信号的对应操作为正常关闭所有进程。同<Ctrl+C>

3、TERM中断信号 15:TERM中断信号的对应操作为正常的退出进程。

4、KILL中断信号 9:KILL中断信号的对应操作为强制关闭进程。

5、STOP 19暂停(同 Ctrl + Z)

6、CONT 18继续(与STOP相反, fg/bg命令)

7、TSTP中断信号:TSTP中断信号的对应操作为暂时停用进程。


# 代码
[root@simon shell]# cat jumpserver.sh 
#!/bin/bash
    
cat<<EOF
1. BACKUP 10.0.0.41
2. WEB02  192.168.12.21
3. WEB03  10.0.0.9
EOF
trap "echo 不要乱按键盘,否则服务器将会爆炸" HUP INT TSTP

while true
do
    read -p "请输入连接主机编号信息: " num
    read -p "请输入账号: " user
    # read -p "请输入要执行的命令: " cmd
    case $num in
       1)
           ssh $user@10.0.0.41
           [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "connect faild"
           ;;
       2)
           ssh $user@192.168.12.21
           [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "connect faild"
           ;;
       *)
           echo "请输入连接主机信息"
    esac
done 
posted @ 2021-07-21 21:10  虾虾78  阅读(210)  评论(0)    收藏  举报