通过Wine实现在mac和linux上实现masm编程
原文链接：Using MASM on Mac or Linux via Wine
抄这个文档是因为它的确有用，mac下也能很好的学习windows api。而且我怕老外的文档无法访问。
Wine是啥
来百度百科一下：
Wine （“Wine Is Not an Emulator” 的缩写）是一个能够在多种 POSIX-compliant 操作系统（诸如 Linux，macOS 及 BSD 等）上运行 Windows 应用的兼容层。
Wine（Windows运行环境）是一个在Linux和UNIX之上的Windows 3.x和 Windows API （以下简称动态接口）的实现。注意，Wine不是模拟Windows的工具，而是运用API转换技术实做出Linux对应到Windows相对应的函数来调用DLL（动态链接库）以运行Windows程序。
Wine可以工作在绝大多数的UNIX版本下,包括Linux, FreeBSD, 和 Solaris。另外，也有适用于Mac OS X的Wine程序。Wine不需要Microsoft Windows系统, 因为这是一个完全由百分之百的免费代码组成的。如果有可利用的副本的话，它也可以随意地使用本地系统的DLLs。Wine的发布是完全公开源代码的，并且是免费发行的。（基于LGPL发布：GNU宽通用公共许可证）
Wine 是一款免费和开源的兼容层，它使得在运行 Linux、FreeBSD 或其他一些操作系统的计算机上运行一些 Windows 应用程序成为可能。它也是 Valve 用来让 Steam Deck 用户在 Linux 驱动的手持设备上玩 Windows 游戏的 Proton 软件的基础。
Wine的安装
在mac下面
brew cask install wine-stable
创建Wine挂载的目录
wine运行在macos环境下的，这里需要一个指定的目录来存放window的相关文件，默认位置是：~/.wine, 但是吧，为了方便的运行各种代码，还是建议将位置放到其他地方: ~/wine-masm
使用下面的命令初始化该配置
WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm winecfg
这个命令会在~/win-masm下面创建所有windows需要的文件，文件夹driver_c,代表windows C盘的目录。
masm32的安装
可以从官网下载指定版本的masm32，也可以直接使用下面的版本
wget http://website.assemblercode.com/masm32/masm32v11r.zip
unzip masm32v11r.zip
WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine install.exe
安装过程
不添加masm编辑器的快捷方式
安装过程基本都是点击OK，除了下面的：
因为可以通过命令打开这个编辑器
WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine 'C:\masm32\qeditor.exe'.
测试
使用下面的命令测试是否正确安装了
$ WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine 'C:\masm32\bin\ml.exe'
Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 6.14.8444
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1981-1997. All rights reserved.
usage: ML [ options ] filelist [ /link linkoptions]
Run "ML /help" or "ML /?" for more info
windows环境变量设置
为方便开发，需要将masm32的工具路径放到系统的环境变量里面，这个操作类似
export GOPATH=/usr/local/go
但是这里是windows，并且没有我的电脑, 只能用命令打开
WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine regedit
配置地址： HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment,右击添加新的string值，如下：
PATH= %SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;C:\masm32\bin
INCLUDE=C:\masm32\include;C:\Irvine
LIB=C:\masm32\lib;C:\Irvine
测试环境变量
使用下面的命令挨个测试是否新建成功
$ export WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm
$ wine ml -nologo -c -coff -Zi AddSub.asm
Assembling: AddSub.asm
$ wine link /NOLOGO /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /ENTRY:main \
/LIBPATH:'C:\Irvine' irvine32.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib AddSub.obj
$ wine AddSub.exe
EAX=00030000 EBX=00401000 ECX=0032FF03 EDX=000000D0
ESI=7B84A20B EDI=7FFDF000 EBP=0032FEE8 ESP=0032FED4
EIP=00401014 EFL=00000206 CF=0 SF=0 ZF=0 OF=0 AF=0 PF=1
写入mac的profile
为了方便开发，将下面的命令写入profile，方便以后的开发
export WINE_MASM_DIR=~/wine-masm
function masm() (
# Stop on errors
set -e
# Use the correct wine directory
export WINEPREFIX=$WINE_MASM_DIR
# Get the path to the file without a .asm extension
FILENAME="$(basename "$1")"
EXTENSION="${FILENAME##*.}"
shopt -s nocasematch # String case-insensitive comparison
if [[ "$EXTENSION" = "asm" ]]; then
FILENAME="${FILENAME%.*}" # Remove extension
fi
UNIX_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/$FILENAME"
# Convert forwards slashes into backslashes
WINDOWS_PATH=$(echo "$UNIX_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
# Assemble file
wine ml -nologo -c -coff -Zi "$WINDOWS_PATH.asm"
# Link files
# Notes: Irvine's asm32.bat script includes a /DEBUG flag. I found that
# including this flag causes a link fail:
# LINK : fatal error LNK1000: unknown error; consult documentation for
# technical support options
# Therefore, I have omitted it. Additionally, the default entry point
# for Wine or perhaps later versions of Windows appears to be
# mainCRTStartup instead of main (see http://stackoverflow.com/a/12391264),
# so we need to manually specify main as the entry point with /ENTRY.
wine link /NOLOGO /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /ENTRY:main \
/LIBPATH:'C:\Irvine' \
irvine32.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib "$WINDOWS_PATH.obj"
# Run the linked executable
wine "$WINDOWS_PATH.exe"
)
后来我为了将生成obj和exe放到一个指定的目录，我就放在C:\Irvine\bin 下面，就改写了这个profile命令
function lib()(
set -e
FILENAME="$(basename "$1")"
EXTENSION="${FILENAME##*.}"
if [[ "$EXTENSION" = "asm" ]]; then
FILENAME="${FILENAME%.*}" # Remove extension
fi
UNIX_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/$FILENAME"
WINDOWS_PATH=$(echo "$UNIX_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
OBJ_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/bin/$FILENAME"
WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH=$(echo "$OBJ_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
LIB_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/lib32/$FILENAME"
WINDOWS_LIB_PATH=$(echo "$LIB_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
# Assemble file
wine ml -nologo -Fo "$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.obj" -c -coff -Zi "$WINDOWS_PATH.asm"
# create as lib
lib /out:"$WINDOWS_LIB_PATH.lib" "$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.obj"
)
function masm-editor()(
WINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine 'C:\masm32\qeditor.exe'
)
function masm() (
# Stop on errors
set -e
# Use the correct wine directory
# export WINEPREFIX=$WINE_MASM_DIR
# Get the path to the file without a .asm extension
FILENAME="$(basename "$1")"
EXTENSION="${FILENAME##*.}"
#shopt -s nocasematch # String case-insensitive comparison
if [[ "$EXTENSION" = "asm" ]]; then
FILENAME="${FILENAME%.*}" # Remove extension
fi
UNIX_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/$FILENAME"
# Convert forwards slashes into backslashes
WINDOWS_PATH=$(echo "$UNIX_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
OBJ_PATH="$(dirname "$1")/bin/$FILENAME"
WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH=$(echo "$OBJ_PATH" | tr '/' '\')
# Assemble file
wine ml -nologo -Fo "$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.obj" -c -coff -Zi "$WINDOWS_PATH.asm"
# Link files
# Notes: Irvine's asm32.bat script includes a /DEBUG flag. I found that
# including this flag causes a link fail:
# LINK : fatal error LNK1000: unknown error; consult documentation for
# technical support options
# Therefore, I have omitted it. Additionally, the default entry point
# for Wine or perhaps later versions of Windows appears to be
# mainCRTStartup instead of main (see http://stackoverflow.com/a/12391264),
# so we need to manually specify main as the entry point with /ENTRY.
wine link /NOLOGO /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /ENTRY:main \
/LIBPATH:'C:\Irvine\lib32' \
irvine32.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib "$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.obj" /OUT:"$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.exe"
# Run the linked executable
wine "$WINDOWS_OBJ_PATH.exe"
)
还有没有探索的就是如何debug，该环境下的DEBUG能力还不是很好，目前全靠自己思考
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