python自动开发之(django)第十九天
一、路由系统，URL
1、函数及类
函数：url(r'^index/', views.index),
类：url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),
2、顺序
url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail),
3、字典
url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail)
PS:
def detail(request, *args,**kwargs):
pass
实战：
a.
url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail),
def func(request, nid, uid):
pass
def func(request, *args):
args = (2,9)
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
args = (2,9)
b.
url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail)
def func(request, nid, uid):
pass
def funct(request, **kwargs):
kwargs = {'nid': 1, 'uid': 3}
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
args = (2,9)
4、 name
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****
url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),
url(r'^yug/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),
url(r'^buy/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
from django.urls import reverse
url1 = reverse('i1') # asdfasdfasdf/
url2 = reverse('i2', args=(1,2,)) # yug/1/2/
url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) # buy/1/9/
xxx.html
{% url "i1" %} # asdfasdfasdf/
{% url "i2" 1 2 %} # yug/1/2/
{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # buy/1/9/
注：
# 当前的URL
request.path_info
5、多级路由
project/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
]
app01/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^login/', views.login),
]
app02/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login), ]
6、默认值（欠）
7、命名空间（欠）
二、视图
1、获取用户请求数据
request.GET
request.POST
request.FILES
PS:
GET:获取数据
POST:提交数据
2、checkbox等多选的内容
request.POST.getlist()
3、上传文件
# 上传文件,form标签做特殊设置
obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
obj.name
f = open(obj.name, mode='wb')
for item in obj.chunks():
f.write(item)
f.close()
4、FBV & CBV
function base view
url.py
index -> 函数名
view.py
def 函数(request):
...
====》
/index/ -> 函数名
/index/ -> 类
====》
建议：两者都用
5、装饰器
欠
三、ORM操作
select * from tb where id > 1
# 对应关系
models.tb.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
models.tb.objects.filter(id=1)
models.tb.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
创建类
a. 先写类
from django.db import models
# app01_userinfo
class UserInfo(models.Model):
# id列，自增，主键
# 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
b. 注册APP
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01',
]
c. 执行命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
d. ********** 注意 ***********
Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL
主动修改为pymysql，在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码即可：
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
1. 根据类自动创建数据库表
# app下的models.py
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
字段：
字符串类型
数字
时间
二进制
自增（primary_key=True）
字段的参数：
null -> db是否可以为空
default -> 默认值
primary_key -> 主键
db_column -> 列名
db_index -> 索引
unique -> 唯一索引
unique_for_date ->
unique_for_month
unique_for_year
auto_now -> 创建时，自动生成时间
auto_now_add -> 更新时，自动更新为当前时间
# obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).update(caption='CEO')
# obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# obj.caption = "CEO"
# obj.save()
choices -> django admin中显示下拉框，避免连表查询
blank -> django admin是否可以为空
verbose_name -> django admin显示字段中文
editable -> django admin是否可以被编辑
error_messages -> 错误信息欠
help_text -> django admin提示
validators -> django form ,自定义错误信息（欠）
创建 Django 用户：python manage.py createsuperuser
2. 根据类对数据库表中的数据进行各种操作
一对多：
a. 外键
b.
外键字段_id
c.
models.tb.object.create(name='root', user_group_id=1)
d.
userlist = models.tb.object.all()
for row in userlist:
row.id
row.user_group_id
row.user_group.caption
