python操作mysql
在操作数据库的时候，python2中一般使用mysqldb，但在python3中已经不在支持mysqldb了，我们可以用pymysql和mysql.connector。本文的所有操作都是在python3的pymysql下完成的。
一、基本操作
(1) 查询
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='test')
cur = conn.cursor()
# 查询
sql = "select * from info"
reCount = cur.execute(sql) # 返回受影响的行数
print(reCount)
data = cur.fetchall() # 返回数据,返回的是tuple类型
print(data)
"""
((1, 'mj', 'tokyo'), (2, 'alex', 'newyork'), (3, 'tommy', 'beijing'))
"""
cur.close()
conn.close()
(2) 修改
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='test')
cur = conn.cursor()
# 插入数据
sql2 = "insert into info(NAME,address ) VALUES(%s,%s)" # sql语句，%s是占位符（%s是唯一的，不论什么数据类型都使用%s）用来防止sql注入
params = ('eric', 'wuhan') # 参数
reCount = cur.execute(sql2, params)
# 批量插入
li = [('a1', 'b1'), ('a2', 'b2')]
sql3 = 'insert into info(NAME ,address) VALUES (%s,%s)'
reCount = cur.executemany(sql3, li)
conn.commit() # 提交，执行多条命令只需要commit一次就行了
cur.close()
conn.close()
(3) 返回dict类型的数据
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='test')
# cur = conn.cursor()
cur = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) #创建cursor的时候，指定1其返回的cursor类型为dict
# 查询
sql = "select * from info"
reCount = cur.execute(sql) # 返回受影响的行数
print(reCount)
data = cur.fetchall() # 返回数据,返回的是tuple类型
print(data)
cur.close()
conn.close()
"""
[{'address': 'tokyo', 'name': 'mj', 'id': 1}, {'address': 'newyork', 'name': 'alex', 'id': 2}, {'address': 'beijing', 'name': 'tommy', 'id': 3}]
"""
(4)获取自增id
通过cur.lastrowid来获取自增id
# 插入数据
sql = "insert into info(NAME,address ) VALUES(%s,%s)"
params = ('eric', '/usr/bin/a.txt')
reCount = cur.execute(sql, params)
conn.commit()
new_id = cur.lastrowid #获取自增id，提交完之后才能取到值
print(new_id)
二、cursor定位
使用fechone来逐条获取数据
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
"""
(1, 'mj', 'tokyo')
(2, 'alex', 'newyork')
(3, 'tommy', 'beijing')
"""
(1) 绝对定位
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
"""
(1, 'mj', 'tokyo')
(1, 'mj', 'tokyo')
(2, 'alex', 'newyork')
"""
(2) 相对定位
cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
data = cur.fetchone()
print(data)
"""
(1, 'mj', 'tokyo')
(2, 'alex', 'newyork')
(2, 'alex', 'newyork')
"""
三、解耦
这里简单实现一个用户登录的功能，以便对整个业务结构有一个整体的认识。
项目目录结构
index.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from model.admin import Admin
def main():
usr = input("username:")
pwd = input("password:")
admin = Admin()
result = admin.CheckValidate(usr, pwd)
if not result: # 一般会把简单的逻辑放在上面，复杂的逻辑放下面
print("登录失败！")
else:
print("登陆成功！进入后台管理界面..")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
admin.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from utility.sql_helper import MySqlHelper
class Admin():
def __init__(self):
self.__helper = MySqlHelper()
def CheckValidate(self,username,password):
sql = "select * from admin where username=%s and password=%s"
params=(username,password)
return self.__helper.getOne(sql,params)
sql_helper.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
import conf
class MySqlHelper(object):
def __init__(self):
self.__conn_dict = conf.conn_dict # 把数据库连接信心提取到conf中
def getDict(self, sql, params):
conn = pymysql.connect(**self.__conn_dict)
cur = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cur.execute(sql, params)
data = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
return data
def getOne(self, sql, params):
conn = pymysql.connect(**self.__conn_dict) # 加**后表示传入的是字典里的数据，否则报错
cur = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cur.execute(sql, params)
data = cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
return data
conf.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
conn_dict = dict(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='test')
