【java】java IO流 简记

1、流的分类：

● 按流向：输入流、输出流；
● 按数据类型：字节流（8位字节）、字符流（16位字节）。

2、声明各个IO类

• File

File f=new File(fileName);
f.createNewFile(); //创建文件
f.delete();        //删除文件
f.mkdir();         //创建文件夹
String[] str=f.list(); //显示列表下的所有文件
File[] str=f.listFiles(); //显示列表下的所有文件，包括隐藏文件

• InputStream

# FileInputStream按数组读取，也有可能文件里没有这么多，做一个长度判断优化
import java.io.*;
public class hello{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt";
       File f=new File(fileName);
       InputStream in=new FileInputStream(f);
       byte[] b=new byte[1024];
       int len=in.read(b);
       in.close();
       System.out.println("读入长度为："+len);
       System.out.println(new String(b,0,len));
    }
}
# 按照基础数据类型读取
public class DataOutputStreamDemo{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
       File file = new File("d:" + File.separator +"hello.txt");
       DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
       char[] ch = new char[10];
       int count = 0;
       char temp;
       while((temp = input.readChar()) != 'C'){
           ch[count++] = temp;
       }
       System.out.println(ch);
    }
}

• OutputStream

# FileOutputStream覆盖和追加
import java.io.*;
class hello{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt";
       File f=new File(fileName);
       OutputStream out =new FileOutputStream(f);
       String str="Hello World";
       byte[] b=str.getBytes();
       out.write(b);
       out.close();
    }
}

class hello{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt";
       File f=new File(fileName);
       OutputStream out =new FileOutputStream(f,true);//true表示追加模式，否则为覆盖
       String str="Rollen";
       //String str="\r\nRollen"; 可以换行
       byte[] b=str.getBytes();
       for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
           out.write(b[i]);
       }
       out.close();
    }
}

# DataOutputStream类示例
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class DataOutputStreamDemo{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
       File file = new File("d:" + File.separator +"hello.txt");
       char[] ch = { 'A', 'B', 'C' };
       DataOutputStream out = null;
       out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
       for(char temp : ch){
           out.writeChar(temp);
       }
       out.close();
    }
}

• Reader

# FileReader循环读取
import java.io.*;
class hello{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt";
       File f=new File(fileName);
       char[] ch=new char[100];
       Reader read=new FileReader(f);
       int temp=0;
       int count=0;
       while((temp=read.read())!=(-1)){
           ch[count++]=(char)temp;
       }
       read.close();
       System.out.println("内容为"+new String(ch,0,count));
   }
}
# BufferedReader读取输入，需要借助父类InputStreamReader将字节流转换成字符流
public class BufferedReaderDemo{
   public static void main(String[] args){
       BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(
                newInputStreamReader(System.in));
       String str = null;
       System.out.println("请输入内容");
       try{
           str = buf.readLine();
       }catch(IOException e){
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
       System.out.println("你输入的内容是：" + str);
    }
}

• Writer

import java.io.*;
class hello{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt";
       File f=new File(fileName);
       Writer out =new FileWriter(f);
       String str="hello";
       out.write(str);
       out.close();
    }
}