【数据库】低层索引MyIsam 和Innodb的区别

 

MyISAM: The default MySQL storage engine and the one that is used the most in Web, data warehousing, and other application environments. MyISAM is supported in all MySQL configurations, and is the default storage engine unless you have configured MySQL to use a different one by default.

InnoDB: A transaction-safe (ACID compliant) storage engine for MySQL that has commit, rollback, and crash-recovery capabilities to protect user data. InnoDB row-level locking (without escalation to coarser granularity locks) and Oracle-style consistent nonlocking reads increase multi-user concurrency and performance. InnoDB stores user data in clustered indexes to reduce I/O for common queries based on primary keys. To maintain data integrity, InnoDB also supports FOREIGN KEY referential-integrity constraints.

在《数据库原理》里面，对聚簇索引的解释是:聚簇索引的顺序就是数据的物理存储顺序，而对非聚簇索引的解释是:索引顺序与数据物理排列顺序无关。正是因为如此，所以一个表最多只能有一个聚簇索引。

不过这个定义太抽象了。在SQL Server中，索引是通过二叉树的数据结构来描述的，我们可以这么理解聚簇索引：索引的叶节点就是数据节点。而非聚簇索引的叶节点仍然是索引节点，只不过有一个指针指向对应的数据块。如下图：

 

References:

https://www.cnblogs.com/zhenyulu/articles/25794.html 聚簇索引与非聚簇索引的区别以及SQL Server查询优化技术