路由系统
一、典型写法
@app.route('/detail/<int:nid>',methods=['GET'],endpoint='detail')
二、默认转换器
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = { 'default': UnicodeConverter, 'string': UnicodeConverter, 'any': AnyConverter, 'path': PathConverter, 'int': IntegerConverter, 'float': FloatConverter, 'uuid': UUIDConverter, }
三、路由系统的本质
""" 1. decorator = app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1') def route(self, rule, **options): # app对象 # rule= / # options = {methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1'} def decorator(f): endpoint = options.pop('endpoint', None) self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) return f return decorator 2. @decorator decorator(index) """ #同理 def login(): return '登录' app.add_url_rule('/login', 'n2', login, methods=['GET',"POST"]) #与django路由类似 #django与flask路由:flask路由基于装饰器,本质是基于:add_url_rule #add_url_rule 源码中,endpoint如果为空,endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func),最终取view_func.__name__(函数名)
四、CBV源码分析
def auth(func): def inner(*args, **kwargs): print('before') result = func(*args, **kwargs) print('after') return result return inner class IndexView(views.View): methods = ['GET'] decorators = [auth, ] def dispatch_request(self): print('Index') return 'Index!' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint #或者,通常用此方式 class IndexView(views.MethodView): methods = ['GET'] decorators = [auth, ] def get(self): return 'Index.GET' def post(self): return 'Index.POST' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint
五、app.add_url_rule参数
@app.route和app.add_url_rule参数: rule, URL规则 view_func, 视图函数名称 defaults = None, 默认值, 当URL中无参数,函数需要参数时,使用defaults = {'k': 'v'} 为函数提供参数 endpoint = None, 名称,用于反向生成URL,即: url_for('名称') methods = None, 允许的请求方式,如:["GET", "POST"] #对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求 strict_slashes = None ''' @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=False) #访问http://www.xx.com/index/ 或http://www.xx.com/index均可 @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=True) #仅访问http://www.xx.com/index ''' #重定向到指定地址 redirect_to = None, ''' @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>') ''' #子域名访问 subdomain = None, ''' #C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 127.0.0.1 www.liuqingzheng.com 127.0.0.1 admin.liuqingzheng.com 127.0.0.1 buy.liuqingzheng.com from flask import Flask, views, url_for app = Flask(import_name=__name__) app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'liuqingzheng.com:5000' @app.route("/", subdomain="admin") def static_index(): """Flask supports static subdomains This is available at static.your-domain.tld""" return "static.your-domain.tld" #可以传入任意的字符串,如传入的字符串为aa,显示为 aa.liuqingzheng.com @app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>") def username_index(username): """Dynamic subdomains are also supported Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic""" return username + ".your-domain.tld" if __name__ == '__main__': app.run() 访问: http://www.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic http://admin.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic http://buy.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic '''
六、支持正则
#1 写类,继承BaseConverter #2 注册:app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter # 3 使用:@app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>') 正则表达式会当作第二个参数传递到类中 from flask import Flask, views, url_for from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter app = Flask(import_name=__name__) class RegexConverter(BaseConverter): """ 自定义URL匹配正则表达式 """ def __init__(self, map, regex): super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map) self.regex = regex def to_python(self, value): """ 路由匹配时,匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值 """ return int(value) def to_url(self, value): """ 使用url_for反向生成URL时,传递的参数经过该方法处理,返回的值用于生成URL中的参数 """ val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value) return val # 添加到flask中 app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter @app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>') def index(nid): print(url_for('index', nid='888')) return 'Index' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()