Linux学习笔记 - 系统、CPU、内存、硬盘
Linux学习笔记 - 系统、CPU、内存、进程
一、查看系统版本命令
1、uname -参数 ：查看内核版本
# uname -参数 uname -a uname -r #查看内核版本 uname -m uname -n
效果
[root@ecs-aece ~]# uname Linux [root@ecs-aece ~]# uname -m x86_64 [root@ecs-aece ~]# uname -n ecs-aece [root@ecs-aece ~]# uname -r 4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64 [root@ecs-aece ~]# uname -a Linux ecs-aece 4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Feb 5 02:00:39 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@ecs-aece ~]#
2、lsb_release -a ：查看distribution版本
lsb_release -a
效果
[root@ecs-aece ~]# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch Distributor ID: CentOS Description: CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core) Release: 8.0.1905 Codename: Core [root@ecs-aece ~]#
3、cat /etc/issue ：查看distribution版本
[root@ecs-aece ~]# cat /etc/issue \S Kernel \r on an \m [root@ecs-aece ~]#
版本号含义
linux内核版本有两种：稳定版（次版本为偶数）和开发版（次版本为奇数）
版本号：主版本.次版本.释出版本-修改版本
如：
2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
3.10.0-693.17.1.el7.x86_64
注：
el 表示Enterprise Linux，6表示Centos6
x86_64表示CPU结构，即64位
一般用头两个数字（主次版本）描述内核系列
释出版本：在主次版本架构不变的情况下，新增的功能累积到一定程度后释出的内核版本
修改版本：修改一些bug等
二、查看CUP
cat /proc/cpuinfo
[root@ecs-aece proc]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | uniq | wc -l 1 [root@ecs-aece proc]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq cpu cores : 1 [root@ecs-aece proc]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' |uniq model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6266C CPU @ 3.00GHz [root@ecs-aece proc]#
[root@ecs-aece proc]# cat cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 85 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6266C CPU @ 3.00GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x1 cpu MHz : 3000.000 cache size : 30976 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss h t syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat avx512_vnni md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilitiesbugs : spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass swapgs taa itlb_multihit bogomips : 6000.00 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 85 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6266C CPU @ 3.00GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x1 cpu MHz : 3000.000 cache size : 30976 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss h t syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat avx512_vnni md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilitiesbugs : spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass swapgs taa itlb_multihit bogomips : 6000.00 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
三、查看内存
free
[root@ecs-aece ~]# free total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7999932 5820776 226292 429116 1952864 1656500 Swap: 0 0 0 [root@ecs-aece ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.6Gi 5.6Gi 220Mi 419Mi 1.9Gi 1.6Gi Swap: 0B 0B 0B [root@ecs-aece ~]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7812 5686 218 419 1907 1615 Swap: 0 0 0 [root@ecs-aece ~]# free -g total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7 5 0 0 1 1 Swap: 0 0 0 [root@ecs-aece ~]#
四、查看硬盘
df 命令
[root@ecs-aece proc]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 3984840 0 3984840 0% /dev tmpfs 3999964 12 3999952 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 3999964 342540 3657424 9% /run tmpfs 3999964 0 3999964 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 41021664 14590644 24317536 38% / /dev/vdb 102687672 296252 97132156 1% /data tmpfs 799992 0 799992 0% /run/user/0 overlay 41021664 14590644 24317536 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/89350792543f52e6481db408052501edffaf3c8b6cfbd7 078097e65ac72a9b09/mergedoverlay 41021664 14590644 24317536 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/e69f29e313192fa11381de794c09311198b5f9925f379c 2b85189b390dcfa902/mergedshm 65536 0 65536 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/8ad780f8ce389c37765b574865c51b1a7e87ec709275 66ac759b1aa46bcfbbf2/mounts/shmshm 65536 0 65536 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/20dea4f17406dbc9a61984caa5e057d20523b20081ec bc827da9cb8e27d4ae4d/mounts/shmoverlay 41021664 14590644 24317536 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/39207a1af8a73d670737d706926fba03d1d609a3d0f9c0 c57cdb1e38536ba64a/merged
简单方式查看
[root@ecs-aece proc]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 335M 3.5G 9% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 14G 24G 38% /
/dev/vdb 98G 290M 93G 1% /data
tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/0
overlay 40G 14G 24G 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/89350792543f52e6481db408052501edffaf3c8b6cfbd7078097e65ac
72a9b09/mergedoverlay 40G 14G 24G 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/e69f29e313192fa11381de794c09311198b5f9925f379c2b85189b390
dcfa902/mergedshm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/8ad780f8ce389c37765b574865c51b1a7e87ec70927566ac759b1aa
46bcfbbf2/mounts/shmshm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/20dea4f17406dbc9a61984caa5e057d20523b20081ecbc827da9cb8
e27d4ae4d/mounts/shmoverlay 40G 14G 24G 38% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/39207a1af8a73d670737d706926fba03d1d609a3d0f9c0c57cdb1e385
36ba64a/merged
fdisk 命令
[root@ecs-aece proc]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe67edd27 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 83884032 40G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@ecs-aece proc]# fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe67edd27 Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors [root@ecs-aece proc]#
iostat 查看硬盘读写速度
[root@ecs-aece proc]# iostat Linux 4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64 (ecs-aece) 08/01/2020 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 4.22 0.02 0.74 0.05 0.00 94.97 Device tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn vda 2.59 3.20 81.39 10616445 269754716 vdb 0.02 0.02 0.17 49937 559176 [root@ecs-aece proc]# iostat -t 1 3 Linux 4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64 (ecs-aece) 08/01/2020 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 08/01/2020 10:25:01 AM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 4.22 0.02 0.74 0.05 0.00 94.97 Device tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn vda 2.59 3.20 81.39 10616445 269759148 vdb 0.02 0.02 0.17 49937 559176
参考资料：
