JAVA对象拷贝
JAVA 对象拷贝
为什么需要有对象拷贝?
对象拷贝相对的自然是引用拷贝。java初学者经常会问,我这个方法要改变一个对象的属性,可以把参数传进去了,为什么没有改变了?
——基本数据类型传值,而对象传引用或引用的拷贝。
而有时候我们要获取到一个当前状态的对象复制品,他们是两个独立对象。不再是引用或者引用拷贝(实质都是指向对象本身)。就是说a是b的拷贝,b发生变化的时候,不要影响a。
对象拷贝有浅拷贝和深度拷贝两种。
1)浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指对象中基本数据类型得到拷贝,而引用数据类型并未拷贝。
提到拷贝自然和clone联系起来了,所有具有clone功能的类都有一个特性,那就是它直接或间接地实现了Cloneable接口。
否则,我们在尝试调用clone()方法时,将会触发CloneNotSupportedException异常。
eg:
public class
DOG implements
Cloneable2
{3
public DOG(String name,
int age)4
{5
this .name
= name;6
this .age
= age;7
}
8
9
public String getName()10
{11
return this
.name;12
}
13
14
public int
getAge()15
{16
return this
.age;17
}
18
19
public Object clone()20
{21
try 22
{23
return super
.clone();24
25
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e)26
{27
return null
;28
}
29
}
30
31
public String name;32
33
private int
age;34
35
// test
36
public
static
void main(String[] args)37
{38
DOG dog1
= new
DOG( "
xiaogou " ,
2 );39
DOG dog2
= (DOG) dog1.clone();40
dog1.name
= "
dagou "
;41
System.out.println(dog2.getName());42
System.out.println(dog2.getAge());43
System.out.println(dog1.getName());44
System.out.println(dog1.getAge());45
46
}
47
48
}
49
运行结果:
xiaogou
2
dagou
2
2)深度拷贝
相对浅拷贝。实现对象中基本数据类型和引用数据类型的拷贝。
请先看下面代码:
class AAA2
{3
public AAA(String name)4
{5
this .name
= name;6
}
7
8
public String name;9
}
10
11
class DOG
implements Cloneable12
{13
public DOG(String name,
int age, AAA birthday)14
{15
this .name
= name;16
this .age
= age;17
this .birthday
= birthday;18
}
19
20
public String getName()21
{22
return name;23
}
24
25
public int
getAge()26
{27
return age;28
}
29
30
public AAA getBirthday()31
{32
return birthday;33
}
34
35
public String getBirth(AAA a)36
{37
return a.name;38
}
39
40
public String name;41
42
private int
age;43
44
public AAA birthday;45
46
public Object clone()47
{48
try 49
{50
super .clone();51
return super
.clone();52
}
catch
(Exception e)53
{54
return null
;55
}
56
}
57
}
58
59
public class
TestClone60
{61
public static
void
main(String[] args)62
{63
AAA Day
= new
AAA( "
test " );64
DOG dog1
= new
DOG( "
xiaogou " ,
2 , Day);65
DOG dog2
= (DOG) dog1.clone();66
// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
67
dog1.birthday.name =
"
333 " ;68
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));69
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));70
}
71
}
72
运行结果是:
333
333
而真正要实现拷贝还的加点代码,如下请对比上面和下面代码的异同之处:
class AAA implements
Cloneable2
{3
public AAA(String name)4
{5
this .name
= name;6
}
7
8
public Object clone()9
{10
try 11
{12
super .clone();13
return super
.clone();14
}
catch
(Exception e)15
{16
return null
;17
}
18
}
19
20
public String name;21
}
22
23
class DOG
implements Cloneable24
{25
public DOG(String name,
int age, AAA birthday)26
{27
this .name
= name;28
this .age
= age;29
this .birthday
= birthday;30
}
31
32
public String getName()33
{34
return name;35
}
36
37
public int
getAge()38
{39
return age;40
}
41
42
public AAA getBirthday()43
{44
return birthday;45
}
46
47
public String getBirth(AAA a)48
{49
return a.name;50
}
51
52
public String name;53
54
private int
age;55
56
public AAA birthday;57
58
public Object clone()59
{60
try 61
{62
super .clone();63
return super
.clone();64
}
catch
(Exception e)65
{66
return null
;67
}
68
}
69
}
70
71
public class
TestClone72
{73
public static
void
main(String[] args)74
{75
AAA Day
= new
AAA( "
test " );76
DOG dog1
= new
DOG( "
xiaogou " ,
2 , Day);77
DOG dog2
= (DOG) dog1.clone();78
dog2.birthday
= (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
// 特别注意这里
79
dog1.birthday.name =
"
333 " ;80
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));81
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));82
}
83
}
84
运行结果:
333
test
这样基本就达到了我们当初的母的。
但是明显的这种方法还是有许多不足,人们总是希望一个clone就是对象直接克隆。而上面还要对对象中的对象递归使用clone。下面提供一种更高级点的做法:
import java.io.
* ;2
3
class AAA
implements Serializable4
{5
public AAA(String name)6
{7
this .name
= name;8
}
9
10
public String name;11
}
12
13
class DOG
extends SerialCloneable14
{15
public DOG(String name,
int age, AAA birthday)16
{17
this .name
= name;18
this .age
= age;19
this .birthday
= birthday;20
}
21
22
public String getName()23
{24
return name;25
}
26
27
public int
getAge()28
{29
return age;30
}
31
32
public AAA getBirthday()33
{34
return birthday;35
}
36
37
public String getBirth(AAA a)38
{39
return a.name;40
}
41
42
public String name;43
44
private int
age;45
46
public AAA birthday;47
48
public Object clone()49
{50
try 51
{52
super .clone();53
return super
.clone();54
}
catch
(Exception e)55
{56
return null
;57
}
58
}
59
}
60
61
public class
TestClone62
{63
public static
void
main(String[] args)64
{65
AAA Day
= new
AAA( "
test " );66
DOG dog1
= new
DOG( "
xiaogou " ,
2 , Day);67
DOG dog2
= (DOG) dog1.clone();68
// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
69
dog1.birthday.name =
"
333 " ;70
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));71
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));72
}
73
}
74
75
class SerialCloneable
implements
Cloneable, Serializable76
{77
public Object clone()78
{79
try 80
{81
ByteArrayOutputStream bout
= new
ByteArrayOutputStream();82
ObjectOutputStream out
= new
ObjectOutputStream(bout);83
out.writeObject(
this );84
out.close();85
ByteArrayInputStream bin
= new
ByteArrayInputStream(bout86
.toByteArray());87
ObjectInputStream in
= new
ObjectInputStream(bin);88
Object ret
= in.readObject();89
in.close();90
return ret;91
}
catch
(Exception e)92
{93
return null
;94
}
95
}
96
}
97
输出:
333
test
上面的代码用序列化与反序列化实现了对象拷贝。比较通用。但是得注意的是其中的类得implements Serializable。
3)后记
我们如果利用强大的反射机制+序列化与反序列化,能做出更加灵活的对象拷贝。有兴趣的朋友可以自行去研究。
我在javaeye上看到一篇短文:http://www.javaeye.com/post/367014 主要讲的就是反射在对象拷贝中的应用。

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