C#学习笔记（十二）：构造函数、属性和静态类

面向对象

简写重载的方法：重载中如果逻辑重复的情况下，用参数少的调用参数多

参数空缺，可以用null填补

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace m1w3d3_attribute_inherit_visit
{
    #region 属性
    class Student
    {
        public Student(string name, int age, char sex)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.sex = sex;
        }
        string name;//可以读，不能写
        int age;//年龄不能小于10，不能大于150
        char sex;
        //1、和方法大体一样，返回类型不能是void，没有参数列表
        //如果你保护哪个字段，建议属性名用字段的帕斯卡命名法
        //2、属性块中由两个块组成get，set
        //get块在被使用（取值）时是被调用
        //set块在赋值时才会被调用
        //set get块可以由空语句替代
        //必须全部由空语句替代，或者没有set
        //get块和set块可以只有一个
        //3、get块必须有返回值，值类型与属性返回类型一致
        //4、在对应字段写入相应逻辑
        public string Name
        {
            get { return " "; }//读
            //set { }//写
        }
        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set
            {
                //1、外部传入的值，在set块中用value表示
                //age = value;
                //if (age < 0) age = 0;
                //else if (age > 150) age = 150;
                if (value < 0) value = 0;
                else if (value > 150) value = 150;
                age = value;
            }
        }
    }
    #endregion
    #region 属性的练习1
    class Student1
    {
        public Student1(string name, char sex, int age, float cSharp, float unity)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
            this.cSharp = cSharp;
            this.unity = unity;
        }
        //public string name;
        //public char sex;
        //public int age;
        //public float cSharp;
        //public float unity;
        string name;
        char sex;
        int age;
        float cSharp;
        float unity;
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我叫{0}，今年{1}岁了，是{2}生，我的CSharp成绩{3}，我的Unity成绩{4}", Name, Age, Sex, CSharp, Unity);
        }
        //public void SaySorce(float cSharp, float unity)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("我的CSharp成绩{0}，我的Unity成绩{1}", unity, cSharp);
        //    Console.WriteLine("我的总分是{0}，我的平均分是{1}", (unity + cSharp), (unity + cSharp) / 2);
        //}
        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { }
        }
        public int Age
        {
            get
            {
                if (age < 0) age = 0;
                else if (age > 150) age = 150;
                return age;
            }
            set
            {
                age = value;
            }
        }
        public float CSharp
        {
            get
            {
                if (cSharp <= 0) cSharp = 0;
                else if (cSharp >= 100) cSharp = 100;
                return cSharp;
            }
            set
            {
                cSharp = value;
            }
        }
        public float Unity
        {
            get
            {
                return unity;
            }
            set
            {
                unity = value;
                if (unity <= 0) unity = 0;
                else if (unity >= 100) unity = 100;
                             
            }
        }
        public char Sex
        {
            get
            {
                if (sex == '男' || sex == '女')
                {
                }
                else
                {
                    sex = '错';
                }
                return sex;
            }
            set
            {
 
                sex = value;
            }
        }
    }
    #endregion
    #region 属性的练习2
    class Ticket
    {
        float price;//写在这里，节约CPU运算
        float distance;
        public Ticket() { }
        public Ticket(float distance)
        {
            //float price;//写在这里，节约内存空间
            if (distance < 0) distance = 0;
            this.distance = distance;
            if (distance <= 100) price = distance;
            else if (distance <= 200) price = distance * 0.95f;
            else if (distance <= 300) price = distance * 0.9f;
            else price = distance * 0.8f;
        }
        public float Price
        {
            get { return price; }
            set { }
        }
        public float Distance
        {
            get { return distance; }
        }
        //在C#中，我们可以通过重写ToString()，去修改一个对象的打印信息
        //ToString()必须要返回一个字符串
        //Console.WriteLine()默认是用了 格式化字符串
        //我们可以通过调用 格式化字符串方法
        //String.Format();
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return String.Format("这张票的票价是{0}，距离{1}", Price, Distance);
        }
    }
    #endregion
    #region 属性的简写
    //get set块 可以是空语句，set块可以没有
    //这样的属性我们叫做自动属性，自动属性可以帮助我们快速实现一个自动属性
    //自动属性有保护的字段
    class Student2
    {
        //public string name;//隐藏字段
        public char sex;
        public int age;
        public float cSharp;
        public float unity;
        public string Name
        {
            get;//隐藏字段
            set;
        }
        //public string Name => name;//只读属性的另一种写法
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我叫{0}，今年{1}岁了，是{2}生，我的CSharp成绩{3}，我的Unity成绩{4}", Name, age, sex, cSharp, unity);
        }
    }
    #endregion
    #region 静态类
    static class Manager
    {
        public static int money;
        public static Random roll = new Random();
    }
    class Fighter
    {
        string name;
        public Fighter(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
        int health;
        public void FindMoney()
        {
            int num = Manager.roll.Next(0, 100);
            if (num > 50)
            {
                num -= 50;
                Manager.money += num;
                Console.WriteLine("我是{0}，我帮主人捡到了{1}，我好开心！！", name, num);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("主人我没捡到钱，我的肉不好吃！！");
            }
        }
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("主人，我是{0}", name);
        }
    }
    #endregion
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 属性
            Student xiaoMing = new Student("小明", 18, '男');
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing.Name);
            xiaoMing.Age = 1000;
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing.Age);
            #endregion
            #region 属性的练习1
            Student1 xiaoMing1 = new Student1("小明",'男', 18, 80, 70);         
            xiaoMing1.SayHello();
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing1.Age);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing1.CSharp);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing1.Unity);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing1.Sex);
            Console.WriteLine();
            Student1 xiaoMing2 = new Student1("小明", '大', 180, 500, 700);
            xiaoMing2.SayHello();
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing2.Age);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing2.CSharp);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing2.Unity);
            Console.WriteLine(xiaoMing2.Sex);
            Console.WriteLine();
            #endregion
            #region 属性的练习2
            Ticket t = new Ticket(300);
            Console.WriteLine(t.Price);
            Console.WriteLine(t);
            #endregion
            #region 属性的简写
            Student2 xiaoMing2 = new Student2();
            xiaoMing2.SayHello();
            #endregion
            #region 静态类
            string ming = "赵钱孙李周吴郑王冯陈褚卫蒋沈韩杨";
            Fighter[] monsters = new Fighter[10];
            for (int i = 0; i < monsters.Length; i++)
            {
                monsters[i] = new Fighter("小" + ming[Manager.roll.Next(0, ming.Length)]);
            }
            foreach (var item in monsters)
            {
                item.FindMoney();
            }
            Console.WriteLine(Manager.money);
            #endregion
        }
    }
}