第一个OpenGL程序

1.添加头文件和静态库

·添加头文件

#include<gl/gl.h>
#include<gl/GLU.h>

·添加静态库

opengl32.lib
glu32.lib

在vs2017中添加静态库

2.为windows设备环境创建像素格式

void SetupPixelFormat(HDC hDC)
{
    int pixelFormat;

    PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd =
    {
        sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),
        1,
        PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,
        PFD_TYPE_RGBA,
        32,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,0,0,0,
        16,
        0,
        0,
        PFD_MAIN_PLANE,
        0,
        0,0,0,
    };
    pixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd);
    SetPixelFormat(hDC, pixelFormat, &pfd);
}

 

3.创建渲染环境，添加进当前激活线程

hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC);
wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC);

4.在窗口关闭，退出，销毁时，删除渲染环境

wglMakeCurrent(hDC, NULL);
wglDeleteContext(hRC);

5.设置视口大小，投影矩阵，透视，模型视图转换

case WM_SIZE:
        height = HIWORD(lParam);
        width = LOWORD(lParam);
        if (height == 0)
        {
            height = 1;
        }
        glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
        glLoadIdentity();

        gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);

        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
        glLoadIdentity();
        break;

5.改变窗口主消息循环

bool done = false;
    while (!done)
    {
        PeekMessage(&msg, g_hWnd, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE);
        if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
        {
            done = true;
        }
        else
        {
            //添加绘图代码
        }
    }

6.在消息循环中添加绘图代码

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
            glLoadIdentity();

            angle = angle + 1.0f;
            if (angle >= 360.0f)
                angle = 0.0f;

            glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
            glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
            glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
            glEnd();
            SwapBuffers(g_hDC);

程序运行效果

vs2017运行完整代码

 

// opgl1.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "opgl1.h"
#include<gl/gl.h>
#include<gl/GLU.h>

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全局变量:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 当前实例
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 标题栏文本
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主窗口类名
HDC g_hDC;
HWND g_hWnd;
float angle;
// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);


void SetupPixelFormat(HDC hDC)
{
    int pixelFormat;

    PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd =
    {
        sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),
        1,
        PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,
        PFD_TYPE_RGBA,
        32,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,0,0,0,
        16,
        0,
        0,
        PFD_MAIN_PLANE,
        0,
        0,0,0,
    };
    pixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd);
    SetPixelFormat(hDC, pixelFormat, &pfd);
}

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此处放置代码。

    // 初始化全局字符串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_OPGL1, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 执行应用程序初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_OPGL1));

    MSG msg;

    //// 主消息循环:
    bool done = false;
    while (!done)
    {
        PeekMessage(&msg, g_hWnd, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE);
        if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
        {
            done = true;
        }
        else
        {
            //添加绘图代码
            glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
            glLoadIdentity();

            angle = angle + 1.0f;
            if (angle >= 360.0f)
                angle = 0.0f;

            glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
            glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
            glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
            glEnd();
            SwapBuffers(g_hDC);
        }
    }
    //while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    //{
    //    if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
    //    {
    //        TranslateMessage(&msg);
    //        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    //    }
    //}

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目标: 注册窗口类。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_OPGL1));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = NULL;
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目标: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
//   注释:
//
//        在此函数中，我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
//        创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);
   g_hWnd = hWnd;

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目标: 处理主窗口的消息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 处理应用程序菜单
//  WM_PAINT    - 绘制主窗口
//  WM_DESTROY  - 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    static HDC hDC;
    static HGLRC hRC;
    int height, width;
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
        g_hDC = hDC;
        SetupPixelFormat(hDC);
        hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC);
        wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC);
        break;
    case WM_SIZE:
        height = HIWORD(lParam);
        width = LOWORD(lParam);
        if (height == 0)
        {
            height = 1;
        }
        glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
        glLoadIdentity();

        gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);

        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
        glLoadIdentity();
        break;
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析菜单选择:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此处添加使用 hdc 的任何绘图代码...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_QUIT:
    case WM_CLOSE:
    case WM_DESTROY:
        wglMakeCurrent(hDC, NULL);
        wglDeleteContext(hRC);
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// “关于”框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

 

参考：

猎豹网校OpenGL从入门到精通教学视频

Kevin Hawkins and Dave Astle《OpenGL游戏编程》

·对程序不能正常关闭的一些改进

通过修改消息循环部分

bool done = false;
    while(!done)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
            {
                done = true;
                break;

            }
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else
        {
            glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
            glLoadIdentity();

            angle = angle + 1.0f;
            if (angle >= 360.0f)
                angle = 0.0f;

            glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
            glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
            glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
            glEnd();
            SwapBuffers(g_hDC);
        }
    }

参考

实例说明 PeekMessage与GetMessage的区别