浅尝 Elastic Stack (二) Logstash

一、安装与启动

Logstash 依赖 Java 8 或者 Java 11，需要先安装 JDK

1.1 下载

curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-7.7.0.rpm

1.2 安装

sudo rpm -i logstash-7.7.0.rpm

Logstash 的目录结构见：Directory Layout of Debian and RPM Packages

1.3 修改配置(根据需要执行)

修改 /etc/logstash/logstash.yml 配置：

config.reload.automatic : true

这样修改配置文件后，不需要重启 Logstash

1.4 启动

sudo systemctl start logstash.service

1.5 测试启动

cd /usr/share/logstash

sudo bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin { } } output { stdout {} }'

然后输入：hello world，可以看到下面的输出：

{
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost.localdomain",
       "message" => "hello world",
    "@timestamp" => 2020-05-29T23:16:52.686Z
}

二、使用

2.1 新建配置文件

cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
vi weblog.conf

weblog.conf 的内容为：

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }
}

配置文件的含义是监听 9900 端口的输入，并保存到 /project/logs/logstashtest.log

2.2 使用

echo 'hello logstash' | nc localhost 9900
`

查看 /usr/local/logstash/test.log 的内容，可以看到类似如下内容：

{
    "message":"hello logstash",
    "@timestamp":"2020-05-30T19:08:34.043Z",
    "host":"localhost",
    "port":47332,
    "@version":"1"
}

三、过滤器

先下载测试使用的数据：weblog-sample.log，内容是一个 log 文件，格式如下：

14.49.42.25 - - [12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000] "GET /articles/ppp-over-ssh/ HTTP/1.1" 200 18586 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5"

3.1 grok

修改配置文件 weblog.conf：

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }
}

%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG} 是 Logstash 自带的匹配模式，读入 weblog-sample.log 的第一行数据：

head -n 1 weblog-sample.log | nc localhost 9900

得到输出类似如下：

{
    "request":"/articles/ppp-over-ssh/",
    "@timestamp":"2020-05-30T22:31:37.309Z",
    "port":47428,
    "host":"localhost",
    "timestamp":"12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000",
    "response":"200",
    "referrer":"\"-\"",
    "ident":"-",
    "@version":"1",
    "verb":"GET",
    "clientip":"14.49.42.25",
    "message":"14.49.42.25 - - [12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000] \"GET /articles/ppp-over-ssh/ HTTP/1.1\" 200 18586 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\"",
    "auth":"-",
    "httpversion":"1.1",
    "bytes":"18586",
    "agent":"\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\""
}

通过 grok 使用正则表达式将非结构化的数据转换为结构化的数据

3.2 geoip

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }


  geoip {
    source => "clientip"
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }
}

读入 weblog-sample.log 的第一行数据：

head -n 1 weblog-sample.log | nc localhost 9900

得到输出类似如下：

{
    "geoip":{
        "longitude":126.97409999999999,
        "ip":"14.49.42.25",
        "country_name":"South Korea",
        "country_code3":"KR",
        "country_code2":"KR",
        "location":{
            "lon":126.97409999999999,
            "lat":37.5112
        },
        "latitude":37.5112,
        "continent_code":"AS",
        "timezone":"Asia/Seoul"
    },
    "request":"/articles/ppp-over-ssh/",
    "@timestamp":"2020-05-30T22:44:17.084Z",
    "port":47436,
    "host":"localhost",
    "timestamp":"12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000",
    "response":"200",
    "referrer":"\"-\"",
    "ident":"-",
    "@version":"1",
    "verb":"GET",
    "clientip":"14.49.42.25",
    "message":"14.49.42.25 - - [12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000] \"GET /articles/ppp-over-ssh/ HTTP/1.1\" 200 18586 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\"",
    "auth":"-",
    "httpversion":"1.1",
    "bytes":"18586",
    "agent":"\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\""
}

geoip 将 IP 地址转换为地理位置等信息

Kibana 自带了 grok 调试工具，可以在 Dev Tools 中 Grok Debugger 调试

3.3 useragent

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }


  geoip {
    source => "clientip"
  }

  useragent {
    source => "agent"
    target => "useragent"
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }
}

读入 weblog-sample.log 的第一行数据：

head -n 1 weblog-sample.log | nc localhost 9900

得到输出类似如下：

{
    "geoip":{
        "longitude":126.97409999999999,
        "ip":"14.49.42.25",
        "country_name":"South Korea",
        "country_code3":"KR",
        "country_code2":"KR",
        "location":{
            "lon":126.97409999999999,
            "lat":37.5112
        },
        "latitude":37.5112,
        "continent_code":"AS",
        "timezone":"Asia/Seoul"
    },
    "request":"/articles/ppp-over-ssh/",
    "@timestamp":"2020-05-30T22:58:17.848Z",
    "port":47444,
    "host":"localhost",
    "timestamp":"12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000",
    "response":"200",
    "referrer":"\"-\"",
    "ident":"-",
    "useragent":{
        "minor":"6",
        "major":"3",
        "build":"",
        "device":"Other",
        "os_name":"Windows",
        "patch":"b1",
        "name":"Firefox Beta",
        "os":"Windows"
    },
    "@version":"1",
    "verb":"GET",
    "clientip":"14.49.42.25",
    "message":"14.49.42.25 - - [12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000] \"GET /articles/ppp-over-ssh/ HTTP/1.1\" 200 18586 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\"",
    "auth":"-",
    "httpversion":"1.1",
    "bytes":"18586",
    "agent":"\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\""
}

useragent 解析浏览器及操作系统信息

3.4 date

Logstash 将事件时间存储在 @timestamp 字段中，但 weblog-sample.log 创建时间在 timestamp 字段中，该字段的格式不是 ISO8601，可以使用 date 过滤器将此字段转换为日期类型

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }


  geoip {
    source => "clientip"
  }

  useragent {
    source => "agent"
    target => "useragent"
  }

  date {
    match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }
}

读入 weblog-sample.log 的第一行数据：

head -n 1 weblog-sample.log | nc localhost 9900

得到输出类似如下：

{
    "geoip":{
        "longitude":126.97409999999999,
        "ip":"14.49.42.25",
        "country_name":"South Korea",
        "country_code3":"KR",
        "country_code2":"KR",
        "location":{
            "lon":126.97409999999999,
            "lat":37.5112
        },
        "latitude":37.5112,
        "continent_code":"AS",
        "timezone":"Asia/Seoul"
    },
    "request":"/articles/ppp-over-ssh/",
    "@timestamp":"2019-05-12T01:24:44.000Z",
    "port":47450,
    "host":"localhost",
    "timestamp":"12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000",
    "response":"200",
    "referrer":"\"-\"",
    "ident":"-",
    "useragent":{
        "minor":"6",
        "major":"3",
        "build":"",
        "device":"Other",
        "os_name":"Windows",
        "patch":"b1",
        "name":"Firefox Beta",
        "os":"Windows"
    },
    "@version":"1",
    "verb":"GET",
    "clientip":"14.49.42.25",
    "message":"14.49.42.25 - - [12/May/2019:01:24:44 +0000] \"GET /articles/ppp-over-ssh/ HTTP/1.1\" 200 18586 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\"",
    "auth":"-",
    "httpversion":"1.1",
    "bytes":"18586",
    "agent":"\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2b1) Gecko/20091014 Firefox/3.6b1 GTB5\""
}

四、输出

将数据输出到 Elasticsearch：

input {
  tcp {
    port => 9900
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }


  geoip {
    source => "clientip"
  }

  useragent {
    source => "agent"
    target => "useragent"
  }

  date {
    match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
  }
}

output {
  file {
    path => "/project/logs/logstashtest.log"
    }

  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
  }
}

读入 weblog-sample.log 的第一行数据：

head -n 1 weblog-sample.log | nc localhost 9900

打开 Kibana 在 Dev Tools 输入命令：

GET logstash/_search

可以看到从 Logstash 导入的数据

参考

posted @ 2020-06-02 15:43 VictorBu 阅读(319) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

会员力量，点亮园子希望

刷新页面返回顶部

浅尝 Elastic Stack (二) Logstash

一、安装与启动

1.1 下载

1.2 安装

1.3 修改配置(根据需要执行)

1.4 启动

1.5 测试启动

二、使用

2.1 新建配置文件

2.2 使用

三、过滤器

3.1 grok

3.2 geoip

3.3 useragent

3.4 date

四、输出

公告