Debian使用记录

目前，我使用的是debian13，桌面gnome

1.检查是否需要换国内源

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/

设为中文

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

2.更新

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade -y

3.安装vim

sudo apt install vim

4.安装cuda

nvidia-smi    #查看版本

22.04

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.2/local_installers/cuda_13.0.2_580.95.05_linux.run    #cuda_13.0

sudo sh cuda_13.0.2_580.95.05_linux.run

24.04

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.2/local_installers/cuda_13.0.2_580.95.05_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_13.0.2_580.95.05_linux.run

vi ~/.profile

export PATH="/usr/local/cuda-13.0/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-13.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

source ~/.profile

nvcc -V

#kali安装NVIDIA方法

kali@kali:~$ grep "contrib non-free" /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo apt update
[...]
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo apt -y full-upgrade -y
[...]
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) -y
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ [ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && sudo reboot -f

kali@kali:~$ lspci | grep -i vga
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ lspci -s 07:00.0 -v
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
        Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 100
        Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
        Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
        Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
        I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
        Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: nouveau
        Kernel modules: nouveau

kali@kali:~$

kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install -y linux-headers-amd64
kali@kali:~$

kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install -y nvidia-driver nvidia-cuda-toolkit

┌─────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring xserver-xorg-video-nvidia ├─────────────────────────────────┐
│                                                                                                           │
│ Conflicting nouveau kernel module loaded                                                                  │
│                                                                                                           │
│ The free nouveau kernel module is currently loaded and conflicts with the non-free nvidia kernel module.  │
│                                                                                                           │
│ The easiest way to fix this is to reboot the machine once the installation has finished.                  │
│                                                                                                           │
│                                                  <Ok>                                                     │
│                                                                                                           │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo reboot -f
kali@kali:~$

kali@kali:~$ nvidia-smi
Tue Jan 28 11:37:47 2020
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 430.64       Driver Version: 430.64       CUDA Version: 10.1     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 106...  Off  | 00000000:07:00.0  On |                  N/A |
|  0%   50C    P8     7W / 120W |    116MiB /  6075MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0       807      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           112MiB |
|    0       979      G   xfwm4                                          2MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ lspci | grep -i vga
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ lspci -s 07:00.0 -v
[...]
        Kernel driver in use: nvidia
        Kernel modules: nvidia

kali@kali:~$

注意：以上为非安全启动步骤，安全启动还需以下操作

sudo mokutil --import /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub

输入密码（要记得）

reboot

重启后，会蓝屏，随便点一下，选

a、Enroll Mok

b、Continue

c、Yes

d、输入密码

e、Reboot

结束

5.安装miniconda

网址：https://www.anaconda.com/docs/getting-started/miniconda/main

sudo mkdir -p /opt/miniconda3

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh

sudo bash miniconda.sh -b -u -p /opt/miniconda3

rm miniconda.sh

source /opt/miniconda3/bin/activate

conda config --set auto_activate false

pytorch

13.0

pip3 install torch torchvision --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu130

12.4

pip install torch==2.6.0 torchvision==0.21.0 torchaudio==2.6.0 --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124

6.Matlab工具栏字体调节（2025a）

>> s = settings;

>> s.matlab.desktop.Zoom.PersonalValue=150

7.卸载软件

sudo apt remove libreoffice*

sudo apt purge libreoffice*    #删除配置文件

sudo apt autoremove

8.进程被锁死

ps aux | grep 程序名    # 找到进程ID并优雅关闭

kill 进程ID

9.快捷方式

cd /usr/share/applications

touch pycharm.desktop

sudo vi pycharm.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Pycharm
GenericName=Pycharm
Comment=Pycharm3:The Python IDE
Exec="/opt/pycharm-community-2024.1.4/bin/pycharm.sh" %f
Icon=/opt/pycharm-community-2024.1.4/bin/pycharm.png
Terminal=false
Categories=Pycharm;

10.备份

sudo apt install timeshift

11.压缩&解压

压缩文件

tar -cvf archive.tar directory/ # 打包目录
tar -zcvf archive.tar.gz directory/ # 打包并gzip压缩
tar -jcvf archive.tar.bz2 directory/ # 打包并bzip2压缩

zip -r archive.zip directory/ # 递归压缩目录

解压文件

tar -xvf archive.tar # 解压tar文件
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz -C target_directory/ # 解压gzip文件到指定目录
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2 -C target_directory/ # 解压bzip2文件到指定目录

unzip archive.zip -d target_directory/ # 解压到指定目录

12.更新 initramfs

sudo update-initramfs -u

13.字体更新

fc-cache -f -v

14.Zotero缺少libdbus-glib-1.so.2

sudo apt-get install libdbus-glib-1-2

15.日常使用插件

AppIndicator and KStatusNotifierItem Support

Dash to Dock

Desktop Icons NG (DING)

问题：gnomedesktop-3.0 gir缺失

sudo apt install gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0

16.输入法推荐

ibus-pinyin

17.格式化U盘

lsblk

sudo umount /dev/sdb1

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

输入：

设置格式

sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdb1

18.安装chromium浏览器

sudo apt install chromium chromium-l10n

19.时间同步

sudo apt install systemd-timesyncd

20.挂载u盘

lsblk

sudo mkdir /mnt/usb

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb

sudo umount /mnt/usb1

21.KVM

sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virtinst libvirt-daemon

sudo apt install virt-manager

sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER && sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER

sudo virsh net-list --all

sudo virsh net-start default && sudo virsh net-autostart default

sudo systemctl status libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd

sudo apt install virtiofsd

posted @ 2025-10-28 13:22 vicsee 阅读(86) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

vic I can see you.

Debian使用记录

AppIndicator and KStatusNotifierItem Support

Dash to Dock

Desktop Icons NG (DING)