Debian使用记录

Debian使用记录

debian13+gnome

1. 用户加sudo权限

#sudo
sudo usermod -aG sudo 用户名

2. 换国内源

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

插入以下内容：

#中国科学技术大学开源软件镜像
#debian
#默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

#backports 软件源，请按需启用
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

更新

方式一，稳定

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

方式二，新

sudo apt update -t trixie-backports && sudo apt upgrade -t trixie-backports -y

3. 安装必要包

sudo apt install vim ibus-libpinyin
sudo apt install ibus-table-wubi    #五笔

vi ~/.bashrc

添加

# ibus输入法环境变量
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus

source ~/.bashrc

im-config

ibus-daemon -drx

4. nvidia+cuda

sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/debian13/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb

sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-open

sudo apt-get -y install cuda-toolkit

vi ~/.profile

插入

export PATH="/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-13/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

安全启动下

sudo mokutil --import /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub

重启后，会蓝屏，随便点一下，选Enroll Mok -> Continue ->Yes -> 输入密 -> Reboot

5. 卸载软件

sudo apt remove --purge libreoffice*

6. gmone插件

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/615/appindicator-support/

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2087/desktop-icons-ng-ding/

报错：gnomedesktop-3.0 gir缺失

sudo apt install gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0

7. KVM

sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virtinst libvirt-daemon

sudo apt install virt-manager

sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER && sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER

sudo virsh net-list --all

sudo virsh net-start default && sudo virsh net-autostart default

sudo systemctl status libvirtd

sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd

sudo systemctl start libvirtd 

sudo apt install virtiofsd

安装win10虚拟机net上网方式可能断网，解决方法

到网络适配器，修改ipv4，添加DNS：8.8.8.8，114.114.114.114

8. 自动挂载u盘

sudo blkid

复制LABEL、UUID和TYPE

创建挂载点

sudo mkdir /media/用户名/"LABEL"

sudo vi /etc/fstab

插入

UUID="UUID" /media/用户名/"LABEL" "TYPE" defaults,noauto,x-systemd.automount 0 0

9. 电脑只有独显情况

进入在启动时按 e 编辑 GRUB 启动项，找到以 linux 开头的行，在末尾添加 systemd.unit=multi-user.target nomodeset。

10. 软件

marktext:
https://marktext.me/
echomusic:
https://github.com/hoowhoami/EchoMusic

11. miniconda

sudo mkdir -p /opt/miniconda3

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh

sudo bash miniconda.sh -b -u -p /opt/miniconda3

source /opt/miniconda3/bin/activate

conda create -n py3.12 python=3.12

conda activate py3.12

pip3 install torch torchvision --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu130

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

12. 壁纸

位置：
/usr/share/grub/themes/kali/
/boot/grub/themes/kali/
/usr/share/backgrounds/kali/
注意：安装gimp，调整图片大小

13. 锁屏

loginctl terminate-user $USER

14. flathub

sudo apt install flatpak

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

sudo flatpak remote-modify flathub --url=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/flathub

14. 动态壁纸

flatpak install flathub io.github.jeffshee.Hidamari