Python 基于http接口自动化测试

设计原理 　　基于http协议接口的测试设计，莫过于Python的requests库，简单粗暴易理解。

设计模式 　　采用python的flask框架，搭建一套接口自动化测试平台。 　　测试用例维护：采用Excel 　　测试结果保存：采用MongoDb存储，HTML页面展示

相关核心代码介绍：

  1. 　　Excel模板如下： 　　看Excel的定义命名，基本理解，每个参数的含义 　　介绍： 　　B1：要测试的接口地址 　　B2：该测试接口的请求参数，以“#”分隔【便于分割】 　　B3：登录的URL，若测试不需要登录 　　B4：登录的json串，以字典的形式展现 　　注：CaseNo、Except——result、Commit，是必填的
  2. 　　从Excel读取及处理数据，代码如下：
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    import xlrd
    import os
     
    # ****************************************************************
    # Excel模版设置
    # self.interFace = 0             #Excel中测试用例接口对应为第1列
    # self.interFaceArgList = 1      #Excel中测试用例接口参数列表对应为第2列
    # self.loginChoice = 2           #Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第3列
    # self.loginJson = 3           　#Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第4列
    # self.titleIndex = 4            #Excel中测试用例标题行索引为第5列
    # self.caseBegin = 5             #Excel中测试用例开始行索引为第6列
    # ****************************************************************
     
    class ExcelSheet:
        def __init__(self, sFile, interFace=0, interFaceArgList=1, loginInterFace=2, loginJson = 3, titleIndex=4, caseBegin=5):
            try:
                excel = xlrd.open_workbook(sFile)
            except Exception as e:
                print e
                exit()
     
            self.sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0)        # 查询Excel的第一个sheet
            self.interFace = interFace
            self.interFaceArgList = interFaceArgList
            self.loginInterFace = loginInterFace
            self.titleIndex = titleIndex
            self.caseBegin = caseBegin
            self.loginJson = loginJson
     
        def sheet_name(self):
            return self.sheets.name
     
        def nrows(self):
            return self.sheet.nrows
     
        def ncols(self):
            return self.sheet.ncols
     
        def cellxy(self, rowx, colx):
            # type: (object, object) -> object
            cell_value = self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).value
            # 对数字的处理
            if self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).ctype in (2, 3) and int(cell_value) == cell_value:
                cell_value = int(cell_value)
     
            return cell_value
     
        # interFace 测试接口URL
        def get_interFace(self):
            return self.cellxy(self.interFace, 1)
     
        # interFace接口的参数List
        def get_interFaceArgList(self):
            return self.cellxy(self.interFaceArgList, 1).split("#")
     
        # 测试用例的参数项
        def get_titleIndex(self):
            return self.sheet.row_values(self.titleIndex)
     
        # 登录的接口地址
        def get_loginInterFace(self):
            return self.cellxy(self.loginInterFace, 1)
     
        # 获取登录接口参数的json
        def get_loginJson(self):
            return str(self.cellxy(self.loginJson, 1))
     
        # 返回单行用例的数据字典
        def get_by_line(self, line):
            tempdict = dict()
            data = dict()
            if line < self.caseBegin:
                return False
            else:
                for col in range(self.ncols()):
                    if self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col) in self.get_interFaceArgList():
                        if self.cellxy(line, col) != 'X':
                            data[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)
                    else:
                        tempdict[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)
     
                tempdict["data"] = data
            return tempdict

     

  3. 　　requests的post和get请求代码：

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    import requests
     
    def postRequest(url, data, cookie):
        header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
        if cookie:
            return requests.post(url, data=data, cookies=cookie, headers = header)
        else:
            return requests.post(url, data=data, headers = header)
     
    def postRequest(url, cookie):
        header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
        if cookie:
            return requests.get(url, cookies=cookie, headers = header)
        else:
            return requests.get(url, headers = header)
  4. 　　检查返回为页面还是json串：
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    def checkReturnResult(req_result):
        try:
            realResult = eval(req_result)
        except:
            return False
        else:
            return req_result
  5. 　　测试结果存储MongoDB：
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    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import pymongo
    class ConMongoDb:
        #读取配置文件
        def __init__(self):
            MongoIP="192.168.X.XXX"
            MongoPort=27017
            #链接MongoDb
            self.conn = pymongo.Connection(MongoIP, MongoPort)
            #选择数据库
            self.db = self.conn.test
            self.collection = self.db.SocketTest
     
        '''
        # **************************************************
        # InsertMongo：往MongoDb插入数据
        # **************************************************
        '''
        def InsertMongo(self, Lst):
            self.collection.insert(Lst)
    		 
    　　def close(self):    　　return self.conn.disconnect()
    　
  6. 测试用例执行代码：
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    import time
    ExcelSheet = ExcelSheet("104137PC.xlsx")
    interFace = ExcelSheet.get_interFace()
    interFaceArgList = ExcelSheet.get_interFaceArgList()
    titleIndex = ExcelSheet.get_titleIndex()
    loginInterFace = ExcelSheet.get_loginInterFace()
     
    # 判断是否需要登录
    if loginInterFace:
        if "username" not in titleIndex or "password" not in titleIndex:
            print "Test Case File not include username or password"
            exit()
        else:
            # 获取登录接口参数的json
            loginJson = ExcelSheet.get_loginJson()
     
    caseList = list()
    for line in range(5, ExcelSheet.nrows()):
        lineContent = ExcelSheet.get_by_line(line)
        # 获取登录后的cookie
        if loginInterFace:
            # 需要登录，用户名密码，替换
            loginJson = loginJson.replace("#username#", lineContent["username"])
            loginJson = loginJson.replace("#password#", str(lineContent["password"]))
            result = postRequest(loginInterFace, eval(loginJson), False)
            print result.text
            cookie = result.cookies
        else:
            cookie = False
     
        # reqtype 不填默认post
        if lineContent.has_key("reqtype"):
            if lineContent["reqtype"].upper() == "POST":
                interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)
            else:
                interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, cookie)
        else:
            interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)
     
        req_result = interFaceResult.text
     
        # 非页面，可直接比较，也可以转换成字典进行某个value进行比较
        if checkReturnResult(req_result):
            if checkReturnResult(req_result) == lineContent["Except_result"]:
                TestResult = "PASS"
            else:
                TestResult = "FAIL"
        #如果返回是页面的话,就查找特殊标志词
        else:
            if ineContent["Except_result"] in req_result:
                TestResult = "PASS"
            else:
                TestResult = "FAIL"
     
        lineContent["result"] = TestResult
     
        caseList.append(lineContent)
    TestDate = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
    content = {"interFace": interFace, "caseList": caseList, "testdate": TestDate}
     
    MyngoCls = ConMongoDb()
    MyngoCls.InsertMongo(content)
    MyngoCls.close()

整个流程梳理：

  • 用例Excel的读取解析
  • python的requests模块运用
  • 返回值的判断处理
  • 用例执行结果的存储
  • 用例测试的入口
posted @ 2018-07-23 16:46  旭旭杂货店  阅读(249)  评论(0)    收藏  举报