单词

经常搞不清楚的词---> 形似的or其内小词\其他词性or否定\同义词\

list1

• obsolete -sol(记忆:solve solo) isolate desolate console consolation consulate absolute absolve

• benign benevolent beneficial

• temporal temporary temp temper temperate temptation temperature tender contend attend temple render rendition fetch

• captive gravitate gravity gratitude captivate capture captain caption capable capacity capsule capricious caprine capric capita

• casualty toll poll toil toss fling trek cling

• decisive indecisive decisiveness deceive conceive divert distract divide divisive dividend devise design designate designator assign nominate device

• fascinate attract captivate bewitch charm enchant chant merchant mechanic facsimile simile smile fascist fisc fiscal confiscate fancy fantastic fabulous fantabulous fabricate facilitate facility

• harmony disharmony harmonic hormone harness humor prosperity patriotic patron patronize pathic sympathy integrity honesty probity probe propriety decorum decorous decorator etiquette protocol courtesy

  • integr=whole, integrate integral intact tact tag ting tig
  • proper-,propri-("拥有", 引申为"适当\完全\恰当") proper appropriate expropriate impropriety proprietary proprietor
  • etiquette直接来源于法语的“étiquette”，意思是“标签”或“票据”。在17世纪，这个词开始被用来指“礼仪”或“行为规范”，因为在一些正式场合，客人会收到写有礼仪规则的小卡片或标签。Ticket：这个词也源自法语“étiquette”.
  • -ette("小的东西或状态") cigarette coquette(coqu与cock同源,可以想象cock的样子)

• hamper hinder hinterland hint hindrance obstruct impede impute dispute hammer manner mammal handicap quarrel

• harsh hash stiff marsh smash mash crash collapse elapse(laps-，意为“滑倒、滑落、溜走、犯错”, relapse lapse) collide hasty nasty firm tough stern authoritarian authority authoritative monarchy feudal feud autocratic(auto表示“自我”或“自己”)( -cratic, supporting or typical of a particular type of government or system. e.g. democratic) autocephalous(cephal表示“头”或“首领”，例如cephalic encephalitis) autonomic autonomous dictatorial sovereign(sovereignty majesty dynast chieftain captain monarch)

  • crash crush *** clan clack crumble clench
  • brutal coarse crude harsh rough rude uneven violent vulgar
  • -matic 作为后缀，表示“与某事物相关”或“具有某种性质”. Automatic Systematic Problematic Thematic Pragmatic Dramatic practical
  • • nomy 主要表示“学科”、“法则”或“规则”的意思. Astronomy Economy Autonomy Agronomy Taxonomy Anatomy agriculture astrology arrogant

• levy lever hover hoist heist envy envious jealous navy bevy swarm Engulf inundate swamp lest least

• mandate mediate moderate medicate meditate reflexion reflection medieval empower entitle delegation delegate entrust detach, mand- "命令" command demand countermand

• incentive invent inventory invest investigate stimulate simulate irritate impetus provoke prompt spur rouse impulse impel

• definite finite infinite define confine confide confess confer infidelity constrain

  • (fidere,意为“信任”) fidelity infidelity confidant Fiduciary

• observe observant observance observation reserve receive preserve deserve

• jurisdiction jurisprudence prudent dictate predict verdict finding

  • juris\jus\just- "发誓\法律" justice jury juridical injury prejudice(-judge)
  • -dict,dic- "说话\断言" dictionary diction interdiction indict indictment indicate indicative dedicate

• lag (搭配:jet lag) span lap lug log lop leap lean chop cleave sleeve lip

• savage barbaric barbarous cruel inhuman fierce feast ruthless ruth relentless relent reckless reck regardless regard uncivilized brutal savagery ravage rave raze laser lace slave slavery salary slavish servant slash lash hack hijack

  • sav-\salv-=save, saviour salvage salve salver
  • rav=rob\snatch, scratch snap ravage revenge devastate(devil+state) wreck ruin

• panorama vista lookout perspective(speculate) diorama; pan-"所有\全部" Pandemic(epidemic -demic来自于“demos”,意思是“人民”或“人群”) Pantomime mime meme Panacea paramedic

• tentative tentation(experiment test trial) tent tenable provision provisional(-vis\vid=view, provisory prevision preview provident improvident providential evident providence invidious(记忆:看不下去的)) insidious

  • "tent-" 或 "tempt-"源自拉丁语 "tentare" 或 "temptare"，意为“尝试，试探”。Attempt Tempt Temptation Contempt Tentacle Tenterhooks
  • 时间短的: transient transitory fleeting momentary ephemeral ephemera ephemerality evanescent scent
  • Ep-, 表示“在……上”或“超越”.它常常用于描述位置、状态或程度. Epicenter Epidemic
  • Hemer-, 源自希腊语“hemeros”，意思是“日”或“白天”。Hemispherical

• scope scorn scoop scout microscope macroscopic(一般来说没有macroscope) stroboscopic strobe stroboscope stethoscope

• illusion illusive illusory illusionist magician illustrate illuminate delusion delude disillusion fusion fuse confusion diffusion Diffuse dilute Profuse Effuse effusive effusion elusion elude collision coalition(co-：前缀，表示“共同”或“一起”。在很多词中，这个前缀表示联合或合作的含义。al- / alere：拉丁动词词根，意为“滋养”或“使成长”。在词中往往有“发展、成长”的内涵, 如, Adolescent Alimony Aliment Coalescent Coalesce) collide collapse refusion

• accident incident incidence coincident incidently incidental incidentals incidentally

• oblige obliged obligate obligated obligation compel(pel/puls/filt=drive/push, compulsory compelling propel repel dispel impel) compile reptile tile tide

• obvious obscure obstacle dim ambiguous luminous

• tip(tip over, tip over) top hip zip rip dip lick sip ripe reap

• zigzag meander(义似: amble saunter stroll wander roam) wind twist

  • Razzmatazz Razz matinee Hodgepodge podge Mishmash(mix mash) smash marsh mesh Ballyhoo bally bully bigwig wig ragtag rag tit for tat
  • stroll scroll troll scorn despise contempt disparage disparate segregate
  • para通常表示“旁边”、“相对”、“反对”或“与...相关”, paramedic paraphrase paradox paranormal Paranoia(-ia,表示“病理状态”或“条件”) Paradigm(-deigm 来自于古希腊语的单词 "deigma"（δεῖγμα），意思是“示例”、“样本”或“模型”。)

• elicit(“licit” 的词根来源于拉丁语 “licere”，意思是“允许”或“合法”) illicit explicit solicit

  • -lucent,拉丁语 “lucere”,意为“发光”或“照亮”, 并且在词义上大多与“光”、“亮”或“清晰”相关。它们强调从光亮的物体到思想、语言或现象的清晰与明晰.常见的相关词缀是 -lucent 或 -lumen. 如, luminous luminary illuminate Lucid Lucent Elucidate Lustre translucent

list 2

• agitate agitated angular anguish languish ignite stir irritate irrigate
• entail reptile tile detail retail retire curtail
• affiliate affinity filial affirmative affirm affidavit davit
• pessimistic pessimist pessimism depress passive passion negative optimistic optimist optimism optimum optimize positive active
• denial dental delay detain defy deny reject refuse decay denigrate(nigr-\negr-=black, nigrify) designate delegate relay impede impute dispute
  • undeniable deniable
  • dent indent inventory denture dense fatal rental metal mental dentist dentistry dentition
• deter,de- 在不同单词中可能表示“离开、去除、下降或加强; ter/terr 与“恐吓、震慑”相关，用于“阻止、威慑”类词汇 (deterrent detergent deteriorate deterrence); term/termin 来自于拉丁语terminus,与“界限、确定”相关 (determine)
  • defer deference different deferential defect defection disturb dirt churn chore chew choke dissuade persuade
• vicious viscous vivacious devious
  • viv-：词根，来源于拉丁语 vivere，意为“生命”或“活力”。Vivid Revive Survive Vivify rehabilitate
  • via, 源自拉丁语 via，意为“道路”或“路径”。Viable Deviate previous Trivial)
• recognition acknowledge recognize recognizable cognize cognitive cognition incognito cognate anonymous pseudo pseudonym pseudonymous disguised
• immigrant emigrant migrate immigrate emigrate immigration emigration
• imminent imminently immediate immediately mediate medicate meditate eminent preeminent prominent interim intermittent rim trim
• deprive bereave reave rave raze razor laser lace deprived derive deprave praise private reprieve retrieve deviate
• petition petitionary petitioner(petit来源：拉丁语 "petere"，意思是“请求”、“追求”或“寻求”) Compete Appetite Repel Petulant impetus repetition Perpetuate(perpetual) perpetrate persecute Permeate penetrate commit petrify(Petr-源自拉丁语和希腊语的词根，意指“石头”或“岩石”, 如, petrifaction petroleum petrochemical Petrous petrology)
• aesthetic esthetic anesthetic anatomy anesthesia ethics ethnic athletic aerobic anaerobic aeronautics
• brace直接来源于bracchium（手臂）,bra bracket basket unbrace embrace bracelet Brachial hug mainstay
• cling(clung clung) fling flirt flirty flirtatious fickle clingy clang clan incline lean stick fortify fortitude inexorable(exorable oral oracle)
  • platitude(cliche click clique niche) solitude plentitude lassitude(Languish Languid lass lasso fatigue) aptitude apt liable beatitude magnitude
  • platform plateau platter plate plain
• sensitive susceptive considerate insensitive sensible advisable sensitivity insensitivity sensibility (Sensitivity 更偏向于对外界刺激、变化或情绪的直接反应，生理或心理层面皆可。Sensibility 强调细腻的感受力和欣赏力，多用于艺术、文化和情感方面，带有较深层次的理解与共鸣感。)
  • Susceptible(sub-：意为“在……之下”或“支持”，有时会简化为 sus-。capere：意为“抓住、拿住、接受”. Perceptive(perceive perspective) Receptive Deception except) suspend suspect(Suspicious Suspicion)
  • Sentient Sentience Sentiment Sensory Sensual Sense Sentimentality sentimental Desensitize Resent consent semantic
• denote notation notate notion notable notorious cenote cement connote indicate signify donate devote dedicate
• aggregate(greg/gor/gyr=group, segregate gregarious egregious congregate exaggerate converge) aggressive(gress=go, regress transgress digress congress) aggravate(ag-grav-ate, grav/griev=heavy, gravity gravid agravic gravitate, ingrained grain)
• complement supplement resupply append appendix complementary imply implication implement appliance apparatus implicit imply compliment comply compliance complaint conform confirm certify
• brevity Relief relieve alleviate chief chef brief belief grief grievous pithy terse(tense intense intensity intent intend intention verse versus intensive turbulent) laconic succinct(sub- 或 suc-：表示“在下面”.cingere：表示“围绕、束紧”, cinch precinct) concise cart curt
• immense immerse merge duck plunge verge converge
  • "merg-" 或 "mers-" 来源于拉丁语 "mergere"，意为“浸入，合并”。merge merger submerge emergent emerge immersion immersive
  • "mens-"来源于拉丁语 "immensus"，意为“无法测量的”。Immensity mensurable Immensely dimension commensurable mensural colossal tremendous tremor tremble tremolo

list3

• frustrate thwart fracture fluctuate fraction infrastructure infra rusticate rust gust dust dusk gloom loom dawn cruciate crucial
• grim pilgrim stiff grimy gloomy gloom grid grip git prim stern severe persevere permit persist insist maintain serious brim harsh hash
• prestige renown stature status fame fume fuse prestigious privilege privy private
• redeem deem esteem redress retrieve retrieval retrievable irretrievable retract retreat entreat
• prime(prem-/prim-：表示“第一”或“首位”) primeval medieval primitive primate primacy primer premier Primary Primordial premium
• ingenious('gen'这个词根相关，表示“天赋”或“产生”), 取1：ingenious, genius, ingenuity, ingenue; 取2: genuine Genuinely Genuineness. 其他 Generous genus jesus indigenous diligent
• inference influential inferno naraka inferior infeasible infertile infection affection affect preference defect defection reference refer interfere conference confer convent vent ventilate interfere interference convention convection
• neglect negligible negligence ignore ignorant ignorance eligible edible edify edificatory intelligible intellectual intelligent
• strenuous stretch sketch strength laborious arduous painstaking stake
• precious previous precise
• trait strait traitor portrait trial trail attrition(trit-“摩擦、磨损、研磨”, Trite Triturate Detritus Contrition) attribute tract tractor contract retract indent retraction detract detect protracted distract
• industrial industrious diligent indignant indigenous indignant indigent indispensable dispense disperse perse assiduous(sid-：来自拉丁语 "sedere", sedentary session preside subside reside)
  • dign-：来自拉丁语 "dignus"，意思是“值得的、有价值的”，这个词根的含义与尊严、价值有关。dignity indignation dignify condign
• execute executor executive exert excerpt expert except extort exhort expel banish dislodge lodge exile
• Psychiatry psychopath pathic
  • psycho-：来自希腊语 "psyche"，意思是“心灵”或“灵魂”。Psychology Psychic psychosis Neurology
  • -path：来自希腊语 "pathos"，意思是“痛苦、疾病”或“情感”。在医学和心理学术语中，通常表示“病”或“异常的状态”。Pathology Empathy apathy sympathy telepathy sociopathy antipathy
  • -iatr-：来自希腊语 "iatros"，意思是“医生”或“治疗”。pediatrician pediatric paediatric geriatrics psychiatrist podiatrist cardiologist orthopedic chiropractor
• liable(to倾向；for义务) apt liability incline ligate eligible edible

list4

• humble tum humorous honor horror
• lure lucre bait gig lubricate lubricant luxurious grease
• deny reject refuse refuge refugee refute
• culprit creep reptile creek
• premise presume resume prerequisite requisite hypothesis promising promise
• provoke invoke invoice evoke novice refer
• surveillance veil
• counsel counselor consultant
• vulgar temporal burglar obscene vernacular vulnerable
• avail vile vail veil
• culminate climate acclimatize acclimate inculcate instill
• dubious insidious sinister dub dope dupe dump sly invidious
• charter chart uncharted chapter
• menace maltreat retreat retract detect mattress mansion deter defer
• quarrel quagmire
• slump slum plunge lump clump lung rump flump plum plummet stagnate nosedive dive flop flip skim sly Elysium
• smug smuggle struggle swag
• rash rush
• conscious conscience embassy embarrass consulate
• rival versus
• proportion portion proletariat proposal protein propose purpose prepose proceeding proceed process program procession determinant
• controversial contradictory diction indict
• instinct inherit inherent distinct distinctive
• resilient resistant assistant auxiliary subsidiary affiliate accessory
• superficial superfluous superior superiority superseded supersede superb surplus suppress suppose
• assure assurance insure insurance ensure endurance
• overturn turnover overhead
• slot silt slope sloppy slippery sift clot colt slop
• bearing beard
• successive succeed successor
• deck dock

list5

• pit pill plow pillow
• allege assert allegation allegiance alligator allegiant loyalty royalty pledge sledge swear
• gorge gorgeous greasy gloss glossary glossy gregarious generous gossip spit

list6

• fluid solid liquid oxide flow influence fluctuate influenza affluent superfluous luxurious extravagant sumptuous bow blow sow plow

  • sumpt-：来自拉丁语 "sumptus"，意思是“花费”或“消费”。它源自拉丁语动词 "sumere".Consume Consumption Sumptuary Presumption Assumption

• radicate radiate

• antonym(Anti- 表示“相反”或“对立”.-onym 表示“名字”或“词”)

Antonym 的词根由两个部分组成：

Anti-：来自希腊语 ἀντί (anti)，意思是“相对”或“对立”。
-onym：来自希腊语 ὄνομα (onoma)，意思是“名字”或“名称”。
词根词缀分析
Anti- 表示“相反”或“对立”。
-onym 表示“名字”或“词”。
Antonym 的字面意思就是“相反的名称”或“相反的词”，即指意义相反的词。

与 -onym 相关的单词
Synonym（同义词）：syn- 表示“相同”，-onym 表示“名字”，意为“意义相同的词”。
Homonym（同音异义词）：homo- 表示“相同”，指读音相同但含义不同的词。
Pseudonym（笔名）：pseudo- 表示“假”，指假名或笔名。
Acronym（首字母缩略词）：acro- 表示“顶端”，指由多个词首字母组成的缩写词（如NASA）。
这些 -onym 结尾的词汇都涉及“名称”或“词语”的不同类型和特征。