利用Nginx架设高性能的Web环境
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。
实验环境
Centos4.5
pcre-7.8.tar.gz 正则表达式
下载地址：ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
nginx-0.7.26.tar
下载地址：http://www.nginx.net/
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
下载地址：http://www.php.net/releases/
php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz
php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi
下载地址：http://php-fpm.anight.org/
注：PHP的版本要和fpm的版本一致
mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
Discuz!_6.0.0_SC_UTF8.zip
1、安装pcre
# tar -zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
# cd pcre-7.8
# ./configure
# make && make install
2、安装nginx
# tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.26.tar.gz
# cd nginx-0.7.26
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
# make && make install
启动nginx
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止nginx
# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
重启nginx
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx">>/etc/rc.local
3、安装mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.67
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --with-low-memory
# make && make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
启动数据库服务，并添加到自启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
加入自动启动服务队列：
#chkconfig --add mysqld
#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
添加root密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
测试一下：
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
输入密码：123456，看能不能进入到数据库
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
4、安装PHP
这里产生的是可执行文件，和apache的不一样，和apache结合的时候产生的是动态库
# tar -jxvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
# cd php-5.2.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect
# make && make install
# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm.conf
(1)<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
修改为<value name="listen_address">IP:9000</value> //本机就用默认的127.0.0.1
(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
(3)<value name="user">nobody</value> //去注释
(4)<value name="group">nobody</value> //去注释
(5)<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1
启动php-fpm
# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local
5、修改nginx的配置文件，支持PHP
# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 8;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.bbb.com;
root /var/www/blog;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /var/logs/access.log access;
}
}
注：
server部分为PHP虚拟主机
127.0.0.1：9000为fastcgi的PC，我这里用的本机
/var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name; 为PHP网页保存的目录
测试配置文件：
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
6、优化Linux内核参数
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。
实验环境
Centos4.5
pcre-7.8.tar.gz 正则表达式
下载地址：ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
nginx-0.7.26.tar
下载地址：http://www.nginx.net/
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
下载地址：http://www.php.net/releases/
php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz
php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi
下载地址：http://php-fpm.anight.org/
注：PHP的版本要和fpm的版本一致
mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
Discuz!_6.0.0_SC_UTF8.zip
1、安装pcre
# tar -zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
# cd pcre-7.8
# ./configure
# make && make install
2、安装nginx
# tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.26.tar.gz
# cd nginx-0.7.26
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
# make && make install
启动nginx
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止nginx
# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
重启nginx
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx">>/etc/rc.local
3、安装mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.67
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --with-low-memory
# make && make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
启动数据库服务，并添加到自启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
加入自动启动服务队列：
#chkconfig --add mysqld
#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
添加root密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
测试一下：
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
输入密码：123456，看能不能进入到数据库
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
4、安装PHP
这里产生的是可执行文件，和apache的不一样，和apache结合的时候产生的是动态库
# tar -jxvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
# cd php-5.2.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect
# make && make install
# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm.conf
(1)<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
修改为<value name="listen_address">IP:9000</value> //本机就用默认的127.0.0.1
(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
(3)<value name="user">nobody</value> //去注释
(4)<value name="group">nobody</value> //去注释
(5)<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1
启动php-fpm
# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local
5、修改nginx的配置文件，支持PHP
# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody;
worker_processes 8;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.bbb.com;
root /var/www/blog;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /var/logs/access.log access;
}
}
注：
server部分为PHP虚拟主机
127.0.0.1：9000为fastcgi的PC，我这里用的本机
/var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name; 为PHP网页保存的目录
测试配置文件：
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
6、优化Linux内核参数
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
# /sbin/sysctl -p
