[Concepts]
Consistent Hashing: instead of MOD, hash() to certain point within 0-2^31. Range based
[Logistics\Glue]
Zookeeper: locking\service finder\leader election\node maintenance\coordination (Paxos etc.)
Google Chubby: locking service
[Messaging]
Kafka: Pub\Sub queue-based messaging, persistent, distributed. Using ZooKeeper a lot.
Used for notification service, stream processing etc.
[Caching]
Memcached: distributed, just cache.
Redis: both caching and persistent storage. More versatile
[NoSQL DB]
MongoDB\CouchDB: Document based, like BSON format based
BigTable\HBase: Column based
Cassandra\DynamoDB: Key-Value store