Linux MySQL (MariaDB) 与 PhpMyAdmin 开发环境配置

记得按照 MirrorZ 帮助 配置系统镜像
演示环境为 Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS，其他版本大同小异

预备

首先更新 apt 软件源（其他包管理器自行查文档）：

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

部分镜像（常见于云厂商预装环境）可能预装了 apache2, 与 Nginx 冲突，需卸载：

sudo systemctl stop apache2
sudo apt purge apache2 -y
sudo apt autoremove -y

MariaDB

MariaDB 是 MySQL 的开源社区替代，兼容 MySQL 的 SQL 查询与命令格式。

安装 MariaDB:

sudo apt install mariadb-server -y

或者同时安装 服务器 (server) 与 客户端 (client)：sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y

示例输出 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  galera-4 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libconfig-inifiles-perl libdbd-mysql-perl
  libdbi-perl libencode-locale-perl libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perl
  libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl
  liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmariadb3 libmysqlclient21 libncurses6 libnuma1 libsnappy1v5
  libterm-readkey-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl liburing2 libwrap0 mariadb-client mariadb-client-core
  mariadb-common mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma
  mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy mariadb-server-core mysql-common pv socat
Suggested packages:
  libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl libsql-statement-perl libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl
  libio-compress-brotli-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libregexp-ipv6-perl libwww-perl mailx mariadb-test
  doc-base
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  galera-4 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libconfig-inifiles-perl libdbd-mysql-perl
  libdbi-perl libencode-locale-perl libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perl
  libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl
  liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmariadb3 libmysqlclient21 libncurses6 libnuma1 libsnappy1v5
  libterm-readkey-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl liburing2 libwrap0 mariadb-client mariadb-client-core
  mariadb-common mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma
  mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy mariadb-server mariadb-server-core
  mysql-common pv socat
0 upgraded, 41 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 202 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 galera-4 amd64 26.4.16-2build4 [736 kB]
Get:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.1.0build1 [6746 B]
Get:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-common all 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [28.6 kB]
Get:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libdbi-perl amd64 1.643-4build3 [721 kB]
Get:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libconfig-inifiles-perl all 3.000003-2 [39.4 kB]
Get:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 libmariadb3 amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [196 kB]
Get:7 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libncurses6 amd64 6.4+20240113-1ubuntu2 [112 kB]
Get:8 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-client-core amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [1039 kB]
Get:9 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-client amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [2502 kB]
Get:10 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libnuma1 amd64 2.0.18-1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [23.4 kB]
Get:11 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liburing2 amd64 2.5-1build1 [21.1 kB]
Get:12 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-server-core amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [8406 kB]
Get:13 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libwrap0 amd64 7.6.q-33 [47.9 kB]
Get:14 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 socat amd64 1.8.0.0-4build3 [374 kB]
Get:15 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-server amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [3463 kB]
Get:16 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.20-6 [11.3 kB]
Get:17 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liburi-perl all 5.27-1 [88.0 kB]
Get:18 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-parser-perl amd64 3.81-1build3 [85.8 kB]
Get:19 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcgi-pm-perl all 4.63-1 [185 kB]
Get:20 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libfcgi0t64 amd64 2.4.2-2.1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [27.0 kB]
Get:21 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfcgi-perl amd64 0.82+ds-3build2 [21.7 kB]
Get:22 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcgi-fast-perl all 1:2.17-1 [10.3 kB]
Get:23 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libclone-perl amd64 0.46-1build3 [10.7 kB]
Get:24 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libmysqlclient21 amd64 8.0.45-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [1255 kB]
Get:25 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 libdbd-mysql-perl amd64 4.052-1ubuntu3 [85.5 kB]
Get:26 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-3 [11.6 kB]
Get:27 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libfcgi-bin amd64 2.4.2-2.1ubuntu0.24.04.1 [11.2 kB]
Get:28 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.97-2 [60.2 kB]
Get:29 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3300-2 [34.0 kB]
Get:30 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.06-1 [10.2 kB]
Get:31 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libio-html-perl all 1.004-3 [15.9 kB]
Get:32 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.04-2 [20.1 kB]
Get:33 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-message-perl all 6.45-1ubuntu1 [78.2 kB]
Get:34 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libterm-readkey-perl amd64 2.38-2build4 [23.1 kB]
Get:35 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [13.9 kB]
Get:36 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [13.8 kB]
Get:37 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [13.8 kB]
Get:38 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [13.8 kB]
Get:39 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libsnappy1v5 amd64 1.1.10-1build1 [28.6 kB]
Get:40 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy amd64 1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [13.8 kB]
Get:41 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 pv amd64 1.8.5-2build1 [73.9 kB]
Fetched 19.9 MB in 3s (6830 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package galera-4.
(Reading database ... 40801 files and directories currently installed.)
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info: The home dir /nonexistent you specified can't be accessed: No such file or directory

info: Selecting UID from range 100 to 999 ...

info: Adding system user `_galera' (UID 105) ...
info: Adding new user `_galera' (UID 105) with group `nogroup' ...
info: Not creating `/nonexistent'.
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Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.1.0build1) ...
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Setting up libconfig-inifiles-perl (3.000003-2) ...
Setting up galera-4 (26.4.16-2build4) ...
Setting up libmysqlclient21:amd64 (8.0.45-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libclone-perl:amd64 (0.46-1build3) ...
Setting up libfcgi0t64:amd64 (2.4.2-2.1ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libhtml-tagset-perl (3.20-6) ...
Setting up liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.04-2) ...
Setting up libfcgi-bin (2.4.2-2.1ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libencode-locale-perl (1.05-3) ...
Setting up libsnappy1v5:amd64 (1.1.10-1build1) ...
Setting up libwrap0:amd64 (7.6.q-33) ...
Setting up socat (1.8.0.0-4build3) ...
Setting up libncurses6:amd64 (6.4+20240113-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libio-html-perl (1.004-3) ...
Setting up libmariadb3:amd64 (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libtimedate-perl (2.3300-2) ...
Setting up libnuma1:amd64 (2.0.18-1ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up pv (1.8.5-2build1) ...
Setting up libfcgi-perl (0.82+ds-3build2) ...
Setting up libterm-readkey-perl (2.38-2build4) ...
Setting up liburing2:amd64 (2.5-1build1) ...
Setting up liburi-perl (5.27-1) ...
Setting up libdbi-perl:amd64 (1.643-4build3) ...
Setting up libhttp-date-perl (6.06-1) ...
Setting up mariadb-client-core (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libdbd-mysql-perl:amd64 (4.052-1ubuntu3) ...
Setting up libhtml-parser-perl:amd64 (3.81-1build3) ...
Setting up mariadb-server-core (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (6.45-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up mariadb-client (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libcgi-pm-perl (4.63-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.97-2) ...
Setting up mariadb-server (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-bzip2 (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lzma (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lzo (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-lz4 (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libcgi-fast-perl (1:2.17-1) ...
Setting up mariadb-plugin-provider-snappy (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.7) ...
Processing triggers for mariadb-server (1:10.11.14-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...

配置 MariaDB（初始化）：

sudo mysql_secure_installation

如果你是新手，请使用推荐安全配置（每次询问 [Y/n] 时按 Enter 即使用默认推荐配置）。

  1. 以 root 连接数据库 (Enter current password for root)（默认空密码，回车即可）
  2. 设置 root 密码
  3. 移除匿名用户 (Remove anonymous users?)
  4. 禁止 root 远程登录 (Disallow root login remotely?)
  5. 移除测试数据库 (Remove test database and access to it?)
  6. 重新加载权限表 (Reload privilege tables now?)
    以上每项均选 Y
示例配置流程 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

其中，输入密码界面不会回显[1]

然后确认 MariaDB 服务运行情况，并设为开机自启：

sudo systemctl status mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

创建一个专用用户供 phpMyAdmin 使用：

# 以 root 登录MariaDB
sudo mariadb

执行下列 SQL 查询（SQL 中不区分大小写）：

-- 创建一个开发用数据库（将 mydb 替换为你需要的数据库名）
CREATE DATABASE mydb;
-- 创建admin并设置密码 (可将 admin 替换为你需要的用户名，密码自行设置)
CREATE USER 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
-- 授予admin对该数据库的所有权限
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydb.* TO 'admin'@'localhost';
-- 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
-- 退出MariaDB
EXIT;

PHP 环境

安装 PHP-FPM（FastCGI Process Manager）以使 Nginx 可以渲染 PHP 内容：

# 安装 php-fpm 和常见PHP扩展
sudo apt install -y php-fpm php-curl php-mysql php-mbstring php-zip php-gd php-json
示例输出 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libaom3 libde265-0 libgd3 libheif-plugin-aomdec libheif-plugin-aomenc libheif-plugin-libde265 libheif1
  libonig5 libxpm4 libzip4t64 php-common php8.3-cli php8.3-common php8.3-curl php8.3-fpm php8.3-gd
  php8.3-mbstring php8.3-mysql php8.3-opcache php8.3-readline php8.3-zip
Suggested packages:
  libgd-tools libheif-plugin-x265 libheif-plugin-ffmpegdec libheif-plugin-jpegdec libheif-plugin-jpegenc
  libheif-plugin-j2kdec libheif-plugin-j2kenc libheif-plugin-rav1e libheif-plugin-svtenc php-pear
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libaom3 libde265-0 libgd3 libheif-plugin-aomdec libheif-plugin-aomenc libheif-plugin-libde265 libheif1
  libonig5 libxpm4 libzip4t64 php-common php-curl php-fpm php-gd php-json php-mbstring php-mysql php-zip
  php8.3-cli php8.3-common php8.3-curl php8.3-fpm php8.3-gd php8.3-mbstring php8.3-mysql php8.3-opcache
  php8.3-readline php8.3-zip
0 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Fetched 8541 kB in 3s (3402 kB/s)
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Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/phpsessionclean.timer → /usr/lib/systemd/system/phpsessionclean.timer.
Setting up libaom3:amd64 (3.8.2-2ubuntu0.1) ...
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Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/calendar.ini with new version

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Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/ffi.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/ftp.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/gettext.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/iconv.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/pdo.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/phar.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/posix.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/shmop.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/sockets.ini with new version

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Setting up php8.3-mysql (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/mysqlnd.ini with new version

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/mysqli.ini with new version

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Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/curl.ini with new version
Setting up php8.3-cli (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/php8.3 to provide /usr/bin/php (php) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/phar8.3 to provide /usr/bin/phar (phar) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/phar.phar8.3 to provide /usr/bin/phar.phar (phar.phar) in auto mode

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini with new version
Setting up php8.3-zip (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/zip.ini with new version
Setting up php8.3-mbstring (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/mbstring.ini with new version
Setting up php-zip (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Setting up php-curl (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Setting up php-json (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Setting up php8.3-fpm (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini with new version
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php8.3-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php8.3-fpm.service.
Setting up php-mbstring (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Setting up php-fpm (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libheif-plugin-aomdec:amd64 (1.17.6-1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up libheif1:amd64 (1.17.6-1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up libgd3:amd64 (2.3.3-9ubuntu5) ...
Setting up php8.3-gd (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

Creating config file /etc/php/8.3/mods-available/gd.ini with new version
Setting up libheif-plugin-libde265:amd64 (1.17.6-1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up libheif-plugin-aomenc:amd64 (1.17.6-1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up php-gd (2:8.3+93ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.7) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for php8.3-cli (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...
Processing triggers for php8.3-fpm (8.3.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.8) ...

完成后记行检查服务是否正确运行：

systemctl status php*

检查 php-fpm.sock 是否就绪：

$ ls /run/php
php-fpm.sock  php8.3-fpm.pid  php8.3-fpm.sock

此处 8.3 是版本号，当安装了多个版本的 php 时，会很有用。

不过，一般建议使用 php-fpm.sock

HTTP 服务器

默认配置下，Apache2, Nginx, OpenResty 之间相互冲突，只可选用其一。

当然，若你愿意手动设置监听端口，以上三者之间就可以共存。

Nginx

sudo apt install nginx-extras
示例输出 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  geoip-database libgeoip1t64 libmaxminddb0 libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam libnginx-mod-http-cache-purge
  libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-echo libnginx-mod-http-fancyindex libnginx-mod-http-geoip
  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-headers-more-filter libnginx-mod-http-image-filter
  libnginx-mod-http-perl libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter libnginx-mod-http-uploadprogress
  libnginx-mod-http-upstream-fair libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-nchan
  libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 libxslt1.1 nginx nginx-common
Suggested packages:
  geoip-bin mmdb-bin fcgiwrap nginx-doc ssl-cert
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  geoip-database libgeoip1t64 libmaxminddb0 libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam libnginx-mod-http-cache-purge
  libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-echo libnginx-mod-http-fancyindex libnginx-mod-http-geoip
  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-headers-more-filter libnginx-mod-http-image-filter
  libnginx-mod-http-perl libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter libnginx-mod-http-uploadprogress
  libnginx-mod-http-upstream-fair libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-nchan
  libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 libxslt1.1 nginx nginx-common
  nginx-extras
0 upgraded, 26 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Get:22 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-mail amd64 1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6 [57.7 kB]
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Get:26 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 nginx-extras amd64 1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6 [4920 B]
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Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
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Setting up geoip-database (20240403-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up nginx (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
 * Upgrading binary nginx                                                                            [ OK ]
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-headers-more-filter (1:0.37-2build1) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-image-filter (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
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Setting up libnginx-mod-stream-geoip (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-uploadprogress (1:0.9.2-5build1) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam (1:1.5.5-2build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-geoip (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-nchan (1:1.3.6+dfsg-4build1) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-cache-purge (1:2.3-6build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-echo (1:0.63-6build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter (1:0.6.4-6build1) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-perl (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 (1:3.4-5build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 (1:3.4-5build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext (1:3.0.0-5build2) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-mail (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Setting up libnginx-mod-http-fancyindex (1:0.5.2-5build1) ...
Setting up nginx-extras (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.7) ...
Processing triggers for nginx (1.24.0-2ubuntu7.6) ...
Triggering nginx reload ...

同样也检查一下服务运行状态：

systemctl status nginx

OpenResty

请参考 OpenResty - Linux 包

注意选择正确的发行版。

PhpMyAdmin

PhpMyAdmin 提供了一个易用的 MySQL 管理界面（网页端），它使用 Php 编写。

使用以下命令安装：

sudo apt install phpmyadmin

首次安装时，安装脚本会询问要使用的配置：
图片
这里我们什么都不选，按 Tab 移动到 <OK>，然后回车。

然后还会询问是否要使用 dbconfig-common 初始化数据库，由于我们已经在前面初始化过，所以这里选 <No>
图片

示例输出 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dbconfig-common dbconfig-mysql icc-profiles-free javascript-common libjs-bootstrap5 libjs-codemirror
  libjs-jquery libjs-jquery-metadata libjs-jquery-mousewheel libjs-jquery-tablesorter
  libjs-jquery-timepicker libjs-jquery-ui libjs-popper.js libjs-sizzle libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore
  libmcrypt4 node-jquery php-bz2 php-composer-ca-bundle php-fig-http-message-util php-getallheaders
  php-google-recaptcha php-mariadb-mysql-kbs php-mcrypt php-nikic-fast-route php-phpmyadmin-motranslator
  php-phpmyadmin-shapefile php-phpmyadmin-sql-parser php-psr-cache php-psr-container php-psr-http-factory
  php-psr-http-message php-psr-log php-slim-psr7 php-symfony-cache php-symfony-cache-contracts
  php-symfony-config php-symfony-dependency-injection php-symfony-deprecation-contracts
  php-symfony-expression-language php-symfony-filesystem php-symfony-polyfill-php80
  php-symfony-service-contracts php-symfony-var-exporter php-tcpdf php-twig php-twig-i18n-extension
  php-webmozart-assert php-xml php8.3-bz2 php8.3-mcrypt php8.3-xml
Suggested packages:
  bootstrap-icons libjs-bootstrap5-doc libjs-requirejs libjs-jquery-ui-docs libmcrypt-dev mcrypt php-apcu
  php-dbase php-imagick php-twig-doc php-recode www-browser php-gd2 php-pragmarx-google2fa-qrcode
  php-bacon-qr-code php-code-lts-u2f-php-server
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dbconfig-common dbconfig-mysql icc-profiles-free javascript-common libjs-bootstrap5 libjs-codemirror
  libjs-jquery libjs-jquery-metadata libjs-jquery-mousewheel libjs-jquery-tablesorter
  libjs-jquery-timepicker libjs-jquery-ui libjs-popper.js libjs-sizzle libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore
  libmcrypt4 node-jquery php-bz2 php-composer-ca-bundle php-fig-http-message-util php-getallheaders
  php-google-recaptcha php-mariadb-mysql-kbs php-mcrypt php-nikic-fast-route php-phpmyadmin-motranslator
  php-phpmyadmin-shapefile php-phpmyadmin-sql-parser php-psr-cache php-psr-container php-psr-http-factory
  php-psr-http-message php-psr-log php-slim-psr7 php-symfony-cache php-symfony-cache-contracts
  php-symfony-config php-symfony-dependency-injection php-symfony-deprecation-contracts
  php-symfony-expression-language php-symfony-filesystem php-symfony-polyfill-php80
  php-symfony-service-contracts php-symfony-var-exporter php-tcpdf php-twig php-twig-i18n-extension
  php-webmozart-assert php-xml php8.3-bz2 php8.3-mcrypt php8.3-xml phpmyadmin
0 upgraded, 54 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Get:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 icc-profiles-free all 2.0.1+dfsg-1.1 [214 kB]
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Get:54 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 phpmyadmin all 4:5.2.1+dfsg-3 [4909 kB]
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配置 Nginx conf

OpenResty 兼容大部分 Nginx conf 格式，并提供一些扩展功能（例如 Lua）
唯需注意配置文件路径在 /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/conf.d/ 之下

编缉 /etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin:

对于新手，推荐使用 GNU nano 作为编缉器：

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin

配置内容如下，80 是端口号，可自行更改为空闲端口：

server {
	listen 80;
	listen [::]:80;
	server_name localhost;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;  # 如有需要可增加其他监听域名/IP
	# 例如，使用虚拟机时，应当填入虚拟机的 虚拟内网 IP
	root /usr/share/phpmyadmin;
	index index.php;

	location / {
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}

	location ~ \.php$ {
		include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
		fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock; # 有多个版本时，指定为所需版本
	}

	location ~ /\.ht {
		deny all;
	}
}

新手：如何保存并退出 GNU nano
粘贴完配置文件后，你的屏幕上应当显示：
图片

此时，按 Ctrl+X
图片
此时，按 Y
图片
最后，按 回车
编辑器应当保存并退出

然后启用这个配置：

# 创建符号链接
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
# 测试配置文件语法
sudo nginx -t

测试成功时，应当输出：

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

确保配置文件无误，再重载 nginx：

sudo nginx -s reload

谨记，生产环境中绝不允许在有错误的情况下重载 nginx 配置

在浏览器中打开所绑定的地址，应当可以看到 PhpMyAdmin 界面了。

图片

此处的用户名与密码是之前初始化 MariaDB 时所创建的 admin 用户。

如果你遇到空密码错误，请设置密码。
图片
使用 sudo mariadb 以 root 登录数据库，然后执行

alter user 'admin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

修改密码，其中 123456 应替换为你需要的密码。

  1. 命令行基础知识 ↩︎

posted on 2026-04-27 18:47  tlwc  阅读(23)  评论(0)    收藏  举报
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