.net 2.0下的asp.net ajax基本使用方法

一、必要的组件下载

     asp.net ajax中用到了几个dll文件，这些可以从网上下载。http://ajax.asp.net站点下可以找到相关的下载。这其中包括：System.Web.Extensions.dll、System.Web.Extensions.Design.dll、AjaxControlkit.dll、AjaxExtensionsToolBox.dll、Microsoft.Web.Preview.dll。其中，System.Web.Extensions.dll与AjaxControlKit.dll这两个组件是最重要的。在将这些组件下载到本地之后，需要将其引入到所需要的项目中。

System.Web.Extensions.dll中所包含的控件：
●ScriptManager
● ScriptManagerProxy
●Timer
●UpdatePanel
●UpdateProgress
AjaxControlToolkit.dll中所包含的控件(扩展了现有的一些控件，同时提供了一些独立的Ajax控件)：
● Accordion
● AccordionPane
●AlwaysVisibleControlExtender
●AnimationExtender
●AutoCompleteExtender
●CalendarExtender
●CascadingDropDown
●CollapsiblePanelExtender
●ConfirmButtonExtender
●DragPanelExtender
●DropDownExtender
●DropShadowExtender
●DynamicPopulateExtender
●FilteredTextBoxExtender
●HoverMenuExtender
●ListSearchExtender
●MaskedEditExtneder
●MaskedEditValidator
●ModalPopupExtender
●MutuallyExclusiveCheckBoxExtender
●NoBot
●NumericUpDownExtender
●PaginBulletedListExtender
●PasswordStrength
●PopupControlExtender
●Rating
●ReorderList
●ResizableControlExtender
●RoundedCornersExtender
●SliderExtender
●SlideShowExtender
●TabContainer
●TextBoxWatermarkExtender
●ToggleButtonExtender
●ToolkitScriptManager
●UpdatePanelAnimationExtender
●ValidatorCalloutExtender

二、web.config文件配置

在项目中引用了asp.net ajax组件后，还需要对项目的web.config文件进行配置。web.config文件的配置，请参见：
http://hi.baidu.com/zhenghanzheng/blog/item/72d1c3c3ce385156b319a891.html。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
     注意: 除了手动编辑此文件以外，您还可以使用
     Web 管理工具来配置应用程序的设置。可以使用 Visual Studio 中的
      “网站”->“Asp.Net 配置”选项。
     设置和注释的完整列表在
     machine.config.comments 中，该文件通常位于
     \Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v2.x\Config 中
-->
<configuration>

<!--configSections节点,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
     <configSections>
       <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
         <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
           <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35">
           </sectionGroup>
         </sectionGroup>
       </sectionGroup>
     </configSections>

     <appSettings/>
     <connectionStrings/>

     <system.web>
       <!--pages节点,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <pages>
         <controls>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI.Controls" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
           <add tagPrefix="AJAX" namespace="Microsoft.Web.UI.Compatibility" assembly="Microsoft.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         </controls>
        
       </pages>
         <!--
             设置 compilation debug="true" 将调试符号插入
             已编译的页面中。但由于这会
             影响性能，因此只在开发过程中将此值
             设置为 true。
         -->
         <compilation debug="false" />
         <!--
             通过 <authentication> 节可以配置 ASP.NET 使用的
             安全身份验证模式，
             以标识传入的用户。
         -->
         <authentication mode="Windows" />
         <!--
             如果在执行请求的过程中出现未处理的错误，
             则通过 <customErrors> 节可以配置相应的处理步骤。具体说来，
             开发人员通过该节可以配置
             要显示的 html 错误页
             以代替错误堆栈跟踪。

         <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm">
             <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" />
             <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" />
         </customErrors>
         -->
       <!--httpHandlers节点,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <httpHandlers>
         <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/>
         <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" validate="false"/>
         <add verb="GET,HEAD,POST" path="*.asbx" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" validate="false"/>
       </httpHandlers>

       <!--httpModules节点,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
       <httpModules>
         <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </httpModules>
      
     </system.web>
<!--system.webServer节点,asp.net ajax所需要的配置-->
     <system.webServer>
       <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/>
      
       <modules>
         <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </modules>

       <handlers>
         <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/>
         <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services. ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
         <add name="ASBXHandler" verb="GET,HEAD,POST" path="*.asbx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services. ScriptHandlerFactory,System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>
       </handlers>
      
     </system.webServer>
</configuration>

三、调用服务器端方法

（1）调用没有参数的服务器端方法

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static string ServerDate()
     {
         return DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax调用服务器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServerDate()
         {
             Loading();
             PageMethods.ServerDate(OnSuccess);
         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServerDate()" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

（2）调用需要参数的服务器方法
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static string ServerDate()
     {
         return DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
     }
    
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static String YourName( string firstName , string lastName )
     {
         return firstName + " " + lastName;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax调用服务器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer(firstName,lastName)
         {
             Loading();
             if ( arguments.length != 2 )
             {
                 PageMethods.ServerDate(OnSuccess);
             }
             else
             {
                PageMethods.YourName(firstName,lastName,OnSuccess);//调用带有参数的服务器方法
             }
         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer()" />
     <input type="button" value="GetYourName" onclick="GetServer('henry','yu')" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>
说明：
     （a）需要调用的服务器端方法必须以System.Web.Services.WebMethod特性进行标记
     （b）需要调用的服务器端方法必须为公共静态方法
     （c）需要调用的服务器端方法应写在.aspx页面（或对应的后台代码文件）中，不应写在用户控件中

（3）调用WebService

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax调用WebService</title>
</head>
<body>
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
         <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
             <Services>
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="sample.asmx"/>
             </Services>
         </asp:ScriptManager>
        
         <input type="button" value="GetMachineName" onclick="GetMachineName()" />
         <script language="javascript">
             function GetMachineName(IsUTC)
             {
                 Loading();
                 Ajax_Test.sample.ServerMachineName(OnSucess);
                 //Ajax_test为WebService的名命空间
                 //sample为类名
                 //ServerMachineName为所要调用的方法的名称
             }
            
             function Loading()
             {
                 document.getElementById("ServerMachineName").innerText="正在与服务器进行交互...";
             }
            
             function OnSucess(ServerMachineName)
             {
                 document.getElementById("ServerMachineName").innerText=ServerMachineName;
             }
         </script>
    
     </div>
     <div id="ServerMachineName"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

（4）关于错误处理

在调用服务端方法或WebService时，服务器端可能会发生异常！在客户端，这些异常分为服务器错误与服务器超时。

    （a）服务器错误

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float ServerDate(int x, int y)
     {
         return x / y;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax调用服务器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer(x,y)
         {
             Loading();

             //OnSuccess与OnError是两个回调函数
             //OnSuccess表示当调用成功所要执行的回调函数
             //OnError表示当调用不成功时所要执行的加调函数
             PageMethods.ServerDate(x,y,OnSuccess,OnError);

         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         //调用成功时的回调函数
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
        
         //发生错误时的回调函数，如果所调用的服务器方法在调用时发生错误，会有一个error对象被返回
         //这个对象就是客户端的Sys.Net.WebServiceError对象
         function OnError(ErrorHander)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText='服务器发生错误!';
             var ErrorMessage = '是否超时'+ErrorHander.get_timedOut()+'\n错误信息为：' + ErrorHander.get_message() + '\n异常名称为：' + ErrorHander.get_exceptionType() + '\n错误位置为：' + ErrorHander.get_stackTrace();
             alert(ErrorMessage);
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer(10,0)" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>

说明：当服务器发生错误时，会为客户端返回一个异常实例，该异常类型为Sys.Net.WebServiceError。该类包含以下几个属性：
     ●timedOut：布尔值，表示服务器是否超时
     ●message：异常信息描述
     ●exceptionType：服务器端异常的类型名称
     ●stackTrace：异常位置

    （b）服务器超时

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<%@ Register Assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=1.0.61025.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
     Namespace="System.Web.UI" TagPrefix="asp" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float ServerDate(int x, int y)
     {
         return x / y;
     }

     [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
     public static float TimeOutTest()
     {
         //方法会延迟十秒
         System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000);
         return 0;
     }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
     <title>asp.net ajax调用服务器方法</title>
</head>
<body>
    
     <form id="form1" runat="server">
     <div>
     <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" EnablePageMethods="true" runat="server">
     </asp:ScriptManager>
     <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
         function GetServer()
         {
             Loading();
               
             //设置超时时间
            PageMethods.set_timeout(2000);
            
             //OnSuccess与OnError是两个回调函数
             //OnSuccess表示当调用成功所要执行的回调函数
             //OnError表示当调用不成功时所要执行的加调函数
             PageMethods.TimeOutTest(OnSuccess,OnError);

         }
         function Loading()
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText="Loading";
         }
         //调用成功时的回调函数
         function OnSuccess(Message)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText=Message;
         }
        
         //发生错误时的回调函数，如果所调用的服务器方法在调用时发生错误，会有一个error对象被返回
         //这个对象就是客户端的Sys.Net.WebServiceError对象
         function OnError(ErrorHander)
         {
             document.getElementById("ServerDate").innerText='服务器发生错误!';
             var ErrorMessage = '是否超时'+ErrorHander.get_timedOut()+'\n错误信息为：' + ErrorHander.get_message() + '\n异常名称为：' + ErrorHander.get_exceptionType() + '\n错误位置为：' + ErrorHander.get_stackTrace();
             alert(ErrorMessage);
         }
     </script>
     <input type="button" value="GetServerTime" onclick="GetServer()" />
     </div>
     <div id="ServerDate"></div>
     </form>
</body>
</html>