Nginx 学习笔记（一）如何配置一个安全的HTTPS网站服务器
一、系统环境
1、系统：Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
2、WEB服务器：Openresty11.2.5
二、开始配置
1、获取certbot客户端
wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto chmod a+x certbot-auto
2、停止Nginx服务
sudo systemctl stop nginx.service
3、生成证书
./certbot-auto certonly --standalone --email `你的邮箱地址` -d `你的域名地址`
当前网站有多个域名时需在后面增加，例如：
./certbot-auto certonly --standalone --email `你的邮箱地址` -d `你的域名1` -d `你的域名2`
sudo ./certbot-auto certonly --standalone --email "yourEmail@qq.com" -d "www.tinywan.com"
-d "live.tinywan.com" -d "vod.tinywan.com" -d "livecdn.tinywan.com"
-d "nginx-vod.tinywan.com" -d "hls-auth.tinywan.com" -d "hls.tinywan.com" -d "auth.tinywan.com"
可能会出现错误1：OSError: Command /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2
通过搜索，找到了certbot的issue #issuecomment-273014451 ，原因是说，系统安装了多个版本的python，那么怎么删除呢？
解决办法：
apt-get purge python-virtualenv python3-virtualenv virtualenv pip install virtualenv
可能会出现错误2：
Cleaning up challenges Problem binding to port 443: Could not bind to IPv4 or IPv6.
解决：说明你的Nginx服务还在运行啊！赶紧的kill掉啊
成功生成证书的输出结果：
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log Plugins selected: Authenticator standalone, Installer None Obtaining a new certificate Performing the following challenges: tls-sni-01 challenge for www.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for live.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for vod.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for livecdn.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for nginx-vod.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for hls-auth.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for hls.tinywan.com tls-sni-01 challenge for auth.tinywan.com Waiting for verification... Cleaning up challenges IMPORTANT NOTES: - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.tinywan.com-0001/fullchain.pem Your key file has been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.tinywan.com-0001/privkey.pem Your cert will expire on 2018-02-22. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot-auto renew" - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
4、查看生产的证书
tree /etc/letsencrypt/live/
www@TinywanAliYun:~$ sudo tree /etc/letsencrypt/live/ /etc/letsencrypt/live/ └── www.tinywan.top ├── cert.pem -> ../../archive/www.tinywan.top/cert1.pem ├── chain.pem -> ../../archive/www.tinywan.top/chain1.pem ├── fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/www.tinywan.top/fullchain1.pem ├── privkey.pem -> ../../archive/www.tinywan.top/privkey1.pem └── README 1 directory, 5 files
5、编辑Nginx配置文件和开启SSL服务
sudo vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
配置虚拟主机
...
# 配置HTTP请求重定向 server { listen 80; server_name www.tinywan.top; rewrite ^ https://$http_host$request_uri? permanent; # force redirect http to https }
# 配置SSL证书 server { listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.tinywan.top;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.tinywan.top/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.tinywan.top//privkey.pem;
#禁止在header中出现服务器版本，防止黑客利用版本漏洞攻击
server_tokens off;
set $root_path /home/www/web/golang; root $root_path; location / { if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1 last; break; } } } ...
6、重启Nginx服务
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
7、Let’s Encrypt 生成的免费证书为3个月时间，使用Crontab可以无限次续签证书
# 每星期1的2点30分执行更新操作 30 2 * * 1 /home/www/bin/certbot-auto renew >>/home/www/bin/logs/encrypt_auto_update.log 2>&1
遇到的坑，查边所有的地方都不能够解决，最后是内存不够用的问题？
OSError: Command /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 945, in create_environment
如何解决：
user@webserver:~$ sudo fallocate -l 1G /tmp/swapfile user@webserver:~$ sudo chmod 600 /tmp/swapfile user@webserver:~$ sudo mkswap /tmp/swapfile user@webserver:~$ sudo swapon /tmp/swapfile
最后记得释放掉分配的交换分区
user@webserver:~$ sudo swapoff /tmp/swapfile
user@webserver:~$ sudo rm /tmp/swapfile
Ubuntu 16.04更新遇到的错误：
Reading package lists... Done Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done augeas-lenses is already the newest version (1.4.0-0ubuntu1). ca-certificates is already the newest version (20160104ubuntu1). gcc is already the newest version (4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1). libaugeas0 is already the newest version (1.4.0-0ubuntu1). libffi-dev is already the newest version (3.2.1-4). python is already the newest version (2.7.11-1). python-dev is already the newest version (2.7.11-1). libssl-dev is already the newest version (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.5). openssl is already the newest version (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.5). python-virtualenv is already the newest version (15.0.1+ds-3ubuntu1). virtualenv is already the newest version (15.0.1+ds-3ubuntu1). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Creating virtual environment... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in <module> main() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main symlink=options.symlink) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create_environment download=download, File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call_subprocess % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode)) OSError: Command /root/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2
解决办法：sudo apt install letsencrypt
