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" 作为初学者来说,在C#中使用API确是一件令人头疼的问题。在使用API之间你必须知道如何在C#中使用结构、类型转换、安全/不安全代码,可控/不可控代码等许多知识。

一切从简单开始,复杂的大家一时不能接受。我们就从实现一个简单的MessageBox开始。首先打开VS.Net ,创建一个新的C#工程,并添加一个Button按钮。当这个按钮被点击,则显示一个MessageBox对话框。

即然我们需要引用外来库,所以必须导入一个Namespace:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

接着添加下面的代码来声明一个API:
[DllImport(""User32.dll"")] public static extern int MessageBox(int h, string m, string c, int type);

此处DllImport属性被用来从不可控代码中调用一方法。”User32.dll”则设定了类库名。DllImport属性指定dll的位置,这个dll中包括调用的外部方法。Static修饰符则声明一个静态元素,而这个元素属于类型本身而不是上面指定的对象。extern则表示这个方法将在工程外部执行,使用DllImport导入的方法必须使用extern修饰符。

MessageBox 则是函数名,拥有4个参数,其返回值为数字。

大多数的API都能传递并返回值。

添中Click点击事件代码:

protected void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{ MessageBox (0,""API Message Box"",""API Demo"",0); }


编译并运行这个程序,当你点击按钮后,你将会看到对话框,这便是你使用的API函数。

使用结构体

操作带有结构体的API比使用简单的API要复杂的多。但是一旦你掌握了API的过程,那个整个API世界将在你的掌握之中。

下面的例子中我们将使用GetSystemInfo API 来获取整个系统的信息。

第一步还是打开C#建立一个Form工程,同样的添中一个Button按钮,在代码窗中输入下面的代码,导入Namespace:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

声明一个结构体,它将做为GetSystemInfo的一个参数:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct SYSTEM_INFO
{ public uint dwOemId; public uint dwPageSize; public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress; public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress; public uint dwActiveProcessorMask; public uint dwNumberOfProcessors; public uint dwProcessorType; public uint dwAllocationGranularity; public uint dwProcessorLevel; public uint dwProcessorRevision; }

声明API函数:
[DllImport(""kernel32"")] static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);


添加下面的代码至按钮的点击事件处理中:

首先创建一个SYSTEM_INFO结构体,并将其传递给GetSystemInfo函数。

protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{ try
{ SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO(); GetSystemInfo(ref pSI); // // //

一旦你接收到返回的结构体,那么就可以以返回的参数来执行操作了。
e.g.listBox1.InsertItem (0,pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());: // // // } catch(Exception er) { MessageBox.Show (er.Message); } }
//Created By Ajit Mungale

//程序补充 飞刀

namespace UsingAPI


{

using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.WinForms;

using System.Data;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

//Struct 收集系统信息

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]


public struct SYSTEM_INFO
{

public uint dwOemId;

public uint dwPageSize;

public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;

public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;

public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;

public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;

public uint dwProcessorType;

public uint dwAllocationGranularity;

public uint dwProcessorLevel;

public uint dwProcessorRevision;

}

//struct 收集内存情况

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public struct MEMORYSTATUS


{

public uint dwLength;

public uint dwMemoryLoad;

public uint dwTotalPhys;

public uint dwAvailPhys;

public uint dwTotalPageFile;

public uint dwAvailPageFile;

public uint dwTotalVirtual;

public uint dwAvailVirtual;

}

public class Form1 : System.WinForms.Form


{

private System.ComponentModel.Container components;

private System.WinForms.MenuItem menuAbout;

private System.WinForms.MainMenu mainMenu1;

private System.WinForms.ListBox listBox1;

private System.WinForms.Button button1;

//获取系统信息

[DllImport(""kernel32"")]

static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);

//获取内存信息

[DllImport(""kernel32"")]

static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus(ref MEMORYSTATUS buf);

//处理器类型

public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 = 386;

public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 = 486;

public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM = 586;

public const int PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 = 4000;

public const int PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 = 21064;

public Form1()


{

InitializeComponent();

}

public override void Dispose()


{

base.Dispose();

components.Dispose();

}

private void InitializeComponent()


{

this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container ();

this.mainMenu1 = new System.WinForms.MainMenu ();

this.button1 = new System.WinForms.Button ();

this.listBox1 = new System.WinForms.ListBox ();

this.menuAbout = new System.WinForms.MenuItem ();


mainMenu1.MenuItems.All = new System.WinForms.MenuItem[1]
{this.menuAbout};

button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point (148, 168);

button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size (112, 32);

button1.TabIndex = 0;

button1.Text = ""&Get Info"";

button1.Click += new System.EventHandler (this.button1_Click);

listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point (20, 8);

listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size (368, 147);

listBox1.TabIndex = 1;

menuAbout.Text = ""&About"";

menuAbout.Index = 0;

menuAbout.Click += new System.EventHandler (this.menuAbout_Click);

this.Text = ""System Information - Using API"";

this.MaximizeBox = false;

this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size (5, 13);

this.MinimizeBox = false;

this.Menu = this.mainMenu1;

this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size (408, 213);

this.Controls.Add (this.listBox1);

this.Controls.Add (this.button1);

}

protected void menuAbout_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e)


{

Form abt=new about() ;

abt.ShowDialog();

}

protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e)


{

try


{

SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO();

GetSystemInfo(ref pSI);

string CPUType;

switch (pSI.dwProcessorType)


{

case PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 :

CPUType= ""Intel 386"";

break;

case PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 :

CPUType = ""Intel 486"" ;

break;

case PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM :

CPUType = ""Intel Pentium"";

break;

case PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 :

CPUType = ""MIPS R4000"";

break;

case PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 :

CPUType = ""DEC Alpha 21064"";

break;

default :

CPUType = ""(unknown)"";

}

listBox1.InsertItem (0,""Active Processor Mask :""+pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (1,""Allocation Granularity :""+pSI.dwAllocationGranularity.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (2,""Number Of Processors :""+pSI.dwNumberOfProcessors.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (3,""OEM ID :""+pSI.dwOemId.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (4,""Page Size:""+pSI.dwPageSize.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (5,""Processor Level Value:""+pSI.dwProcessorLevel.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (6,""Processor Revision:""+ pSI.dwProcessorRevision.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (7,""CPU type:""+CPUType);

listBox1.InsertItem (8,""Maximum Application Address: ""+pSI.lpMaximumApplicationAddress.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem (9,""Minimum Application Address:"" +pSI.lpMinimumApplicationAddress.ToString());


/**//************** 从 GlobalMemoryStatus 获取返回值****************/

MEMORYSTATUS memSt = new MEMORYSTATUS ();
GlobalMemoryStatus (ref memSt);

listBox1.InsertItem(10,""Available Page File :""+ (memSt.dwAvailPageFile/1024).ToString ());

listBox1.InsertItem(11,""Available Physical Memory : "" + (memSt.dwAvailPhys/1024).ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem(12,""Available Virtual Memory:"" + (memSt.dwAvailVirtual/1024).ToString ());

listBox1.InsertItem(13,""Size of structur :"" + memSt.dwLength.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem(14,""Memory In Use :""+ memSt.dwMemoryLoad.ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem(15,""Total Page Size :""+ (memSt.dwTotalPageFile/1024).ToString ());

listBox1.InsertItem(16,""Total Physical Memory :"" + (memSt.dwTotalPhys/1024).ToString());

listBox1.InsertItem(17,""Total Virtual Memory :"" + (memSt.dwTotalVirtual/1024).ToString ());

}

catch(Exception er)


{

MessageBox.Show (er.Message);

}

}

public static void Main(string[] args)


{

try


{

Application.Run(new Form1());

}

catch(Exception er)


{

MessageBox.Show (er.Message );

}

}

}

}
"
posted @
2006-08-28 16:12
快乐的老毛驴
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