Spring读取外部属性-properties

概述

在Spring中处理外部值最简常用的方法就是外部创建name.properties文件,并在其中声明变量值,供Java进行读取。比如数据源信息配置,Java固定属性位置等。读取的方式一般由三种:

  • 通过Spring的Environment检索属性
  • 通过占位符读取属性(Java和xml两种方式)
  • 通过表达式装配(xml)

1. 通过Spring Envrionment检索属性

简单示例:
  • 创建property.properties文件,并编写属性值:
name=this is properties
title=properties
num=100
  • 创建目标Java类PropertyImpl.java,包含property.properties中属性对应的成员变量:
    private String title;
	private String name;
	
	public PropertyImpl(String ti, String na) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		title = ti;
		name = na;
	}

	@Override
	public void show() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("title:" + title + "\n" + "name:" + name);
		
	}
  • 创建Java配置类,显示声明Bean,并声明包含properties中声明属性的Spring Bean工厂@Configuration等价于xml中的beans,@ComponentScan自动扫描该包和子包添加注释的Java类注入到Bean工厂,@PropertySource Spring解析指定的properties文件属性:
@Bean
	public Proterty property(){
		String[] activSsize = env.getActiveProfiles();
		for(int i = 0; i < activSsize.length; i++){
			System.out.println("i=" + i + " || profile:" + activSsize[i]);
		}
		String[] defaultSize = env.getActiveProfiles();
		for(int i = 0; i < defaultSize.length; i++){
			System.out.println("i=" + i + " || profile:" + defaultSize[i]);
		}
		Integer num = env.getProperty("num", Integer.class, 30);
		System.out.println("num=" + num);
		num = env.getProperty("num1", Integer.class, 30);
		System.out.println("num1=" + num);
		
		return new PropertyImpl(env.getProperty("title"), env.getProperty("name"));
	}
}
  • 通过Java配置Spring形式读取properties文件属性值基本结束,下面通过junit进行测试:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=JavaConfiguration.class)
public class Main {
	
	@Autowired
	private Proterty proterty;
	
	@Test
	public void test(){
		proterty.show();
	}
}
  • 对于environment包含的其它方法介绍:
    • T getProterty(String key, Class type, T defaultValue)如果不存在,设定默认值
    • T getProterty(String key, Class type)将key属性值转化为固定类对象
    • String getProterty(String key, String defaultValue)读取属性值不存在,设置为默认值
    • getRequiredProperty(String key)如果对应属性不存在,跑出异常
    • constainsProperty(String key)检查属性是否存在
    • getPropertyAsClass(String key, name.class)将属性值解析为类
    • getActiveProfiles()
    • getdefaultProfiles()
    • acceptsProfiles()

2. 通过占位符获取属性值

  • 首先,创建properties属性文件property.proterties,property2.properties(加载多propeerties文件):
 name=this is properties
title=properties
num=100
url=localhost:8080
drive=c3p0
usename=chen
password=abcd1234
  • 创建对应读取属性值的Java类XmlProperties.java
public class XmlProperties {
	
	private String url;
	
	private String drive;
	
	private String usename;
	
	private String password;
	
	private String title;

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public String getDrive() {
		return drive;
	}

	public void setDrive(String drive) {
		this.drive = drive;
	}

	public String getUsename() {
		return usename;
	}

	public void setUsename(String usename) {
		this.usename = usename;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}

	public void show(){
		System.out.println("url:" + url + "\nderive:" + drive + "\nusename:" + usename +
				"\npassword:" + password + "\ntitle:" + title);
	}
}
  • xml配置文件:创建PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer Bean,并加载properties文件。
<bean id="propertyConfligurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
	<property name="locations">
		<list>
			<value>/com/tidas/spring/proterties/property2.properties</value>
			<value>/com/tidas/spring/proterties/property.proterties</value>
		</list>
	</property>
</bean>
  • 通过占位符读取属性值,这种也是在web开发中配置数据源最常用的方法
<bean id="xmlProperties" class="com.tidas.spring.property.XmlProperties">
	<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
	<property name="drive" value="${drive}"/>
	<property name="usename" value="${usename}"/>
	<property name="password" value="${password}"/>	
	<property name="title" value="${title}"/>
</bean>
  • 当然,如果是通过javaconfigration进行配置Bean工厂的,也可以使用如下方法读取属性:
@Component
public class PropertyImpl implements Proterty {
	
	private String title;
	
	private String name;
	
	public PropertyImpl(@Value("${title}") String ti, @Value("${name}") String na) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		title = ti;
		name = na;
	}
...

这种创建方式在自动扫描的时候注入场景中使用最为合适

posted on 2018-01-07 14:50  ccy00808  阅读(257)  评论(0)    收藏  举报