python列表的语法和使用

在学习Python中，列表的使用非常的重要，这里写出一些列表的基本操作：

1、创建列表

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]

列表在Python语言中不仅可以储存字符串，还可以储存数字等其他所有类型，中间用逗号隔开。列表由元素构成。

2、索引操作

1)普通索引.

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
print (name[-3])

上述程序print(name[2])打印的结果是'sun'.

2)列表还可以用复数索引，即倒序取值

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
print (name[-3])

上述程序print(name[-3])打印的结果是'2'.

3)切片操作.

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
print (name[0:2])

name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
print (name[3:7])

name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
print (name[-3:])#取列表后几位时，写从哪位开始即可，：后为空

切片操作时遵循‘顾首不顾尾’，故以上程序的打印结果分别为['zhao', 'qian']、['li', 1, 2, 3]、[2, 3, 4]。同时执行连续的切片操作，如输入print (name[0:5][1:4][2])打印结果为li.

3、修改列表中的元素.

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
name[2]="tian"
print(name)

4、增加元素.

1)插入元素：

name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
name.insert(2,'tian')
print(name)

在位置‘2’添加元素‘tian’,打印结果为['zhao', 'qian', 'tian', 'sun', 'li', 1, 2, 3, 4]。插入操作也可以以name.insert(-2,'tian')的形式。

2)在列表末尾添加元素：

name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
name.append("tian")
print(name)

在末尾添加元素‘tian’，打印结果为['zhao', 'qian', 'sun', 'li', 1, 2, 3, 4, 'tian']。

5、删除元素.

1)删除某一元素：

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
name.remove("li")
print(name)   

打印结果为['zhao', 'qian', 'sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

2）删除相邻几个元素：

#tianxiaoming
name=["zhao","qian","sun","li",1,2,3,4]
del name[2:5]
print(name)

打印结果为['zhao', 'qian', 2, 3, 4]。

删除整个列表的命令为：del name