Wait and Synchronization

1. Page Load -> Max page load timeout limit default is infinite
2. Script Wait -> Ajax
3. Implicit Wait -> Global wait applied to all elements
4. Explicit Wait -> Wait for specific element to be usable
5. Thread Sleep -> Pause thread before the next step

package step_definitions;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
import org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver.Timeouts;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
public class Waits {
    public WebDriver driver;
    public Waits()
    {
        driver = Hooks.driver;
    }
    @When("^I open seleniumframework website$")
    public void i_open_seleniumframework_website() throws Throwable {
        driver.get("http://www.seleniumframework.com/Practiceform/");
    }
    @When("^I set pageload timeout$")
    public void i_set_pageload_timeout() throws Throwable {
        Timeouts timeouts = driver.manage().timeouts();
        System.out.println("default timeout: "+timeouts);
        //Here we look at pageloadTimeout. By default pageload is infinite
        timeouts.pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //         System.out.println(driver.getPageSource());
        WebElement targetElement = driver.findElement(By.id("periodicElement"));
        System.out.println(targetElement.getText());
    }
    @When("^I set implicit timeout$")
    public void i_set_implicit_timeout() throws Throwable {
        Timeouts timeouts = driver.manage().timeouts();
        //Implict waits apply to all Webelements i.e. once you set implictWait , driver would wait
        // for that amount of max time on every element before throwing WaitTimeout Exception
        // DO NOT mix up Implict and Explicit Timeouts
        timeouts.implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    @Then("^I print the text for target element$")
    public void i_print_the_text_for_target_element() throws Throwable {
        WebElement targetElement = driver.findElement(By.id("periodicElement"));
        System.out.println(targetElement.getText());
    }
    @When("^I set script timeout$")
    public void i_set_script_timeout() throws Throwable {
        Timeouts timeouts = driver.manage().timeouts();
        //Script waits apply to Javascript executor , driver would wait
        // for that amount of max time for the script to complete execution throwing WaitTimeout Exception
        timeouts.setScriptTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
        System.out.println(js.executeScript("return window.onload='myFunction()';"));
    }
    @Then("^I set explicit wait block on target element until it becomes clickable$")
    public void i_set_explicit_wait_block_on_target_element_using_exists() throws Throwable {
        Timeouts timeouts = driver.manage().timeouts();
         timeouts.implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         //First create a WebDriverWait object and pass the driver and timeout as arguments
        WebDriverWait waiter = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);
        //Specify the expectedcondition to become true until the timeout defined by wait.
        // If condition becomes true before timeout, the the WebElement is returned
        // If condition is not true, it results in TimeoutException
        WebElement element = waiter.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("periodicElement")));
        System.out.println("Expected condition found this element with HTML" + element.getAttribute("outerHTML"));
    }
    @Then("^I set explicit wait block on on alert present$")
    public void i_set_explicit_wait_block_on_on_alert_present() throws Throwable {
        WebDriverWait waiter1 = new WebDriverWait(driver, 6);
        driver.findElement(By.id("timingAlert")).click();
        Alert alert = waiter1.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
        Thread.sleep(4000);
        System.out.println("Found alert");
        alert.accept();
    }
    @Then("^I wait until I find five periodicElements$")
    public void i_wait_until_I_find_five_periodicElements() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
        FluentWait<ChromeDriver> wait = new FluentWait<ChromeDriver>((ChromeDriver) driver);
        wait.withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        wait.pollingEvery(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        wait.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
        wait.ignoring(StaleElementReferenceException.class);
        List<WebElement> targetElements = wait.until(new Function<ChromeDriver, List<WebElement>>()
                {
            public List<WebElement> apply(ChromeDriver driver) {
                List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.id("periodicElement"));
                int length = elements.size();
                System.out.println("current Length is"+length);
                if(length==5)
                {
                    System.out.println("Target Length is hit"+length);
                    return elements;
                }
                return null;
            }
                });
    }
}